Research Article
Analysis of Inflammatory Mediators in Prediabetes and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of 560 subjects with different glucose status grouped according to fasting, postload glucose levels, and HbA1c.
| | Variable | NGG () | PDG () | T2DMG () | value |
| | Age (years) | 58.13 ± 6.37 | 59.31 ± 6.86 | 59.37 ± 7.07 | 0.122 | | Sex (%, male) | 47.0 | 40.5 | 40.5 | 0.310 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 23.58 ± 3.17 | 25.11 ± 3.51 | 24.55 ± 3.15 | <0.001 | | WC (cm) | 79.92 ± 9.19 | 85.00 ± 9.89 | 83.85 ± 8.90 | <0.001 | | WHR | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 0.87 ± 0.05 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | <0.001 | | Smoking status (%) | | | | 0.071 | | Current | 63.9 | 28.8 | 7.3 | — | | Never | 73.0 | 19.1 | 7.9 | — | | Past | 63.0 | 31.7 | 7.9 | — | | Alcohol use (in the past 12 months) (%, drinker) | 25.1 | 17.2 | 22.2 | 0.130 | | History of diabetes (%, yes) | 6.8 | 12.6 | 29.4 | <0.001 | | History of myocardial infarction (%, yes) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 0.493 | | History of high blood pressure (%, yes) | 15.1 | 14.0 | 18.3 | 0.689 | | History of stroke (%, yes) | 4.6 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 0.731 | | History of dyslipidemia (%, yes) | 8.7 | 6.5 | 13.5 | 0.360 | | Physical activity (MET/week) | 440.47 ± 146.79 | 447.92 ± 151.39 | 427.49 ± 152.15 | 0.480 | | Dietary intake (%, excess energy intake) | 74.9 | 72.1 | 73.0 | 0.800 | | Carbohydrate intake (%) | | 0.740 | | <55% of total energy intake | 56.6 | 54.9 | 50.8 | — | | 55–65% of total energy intake | 24.2 | 24.2 | 23.8 | — | | >65% of total energy intake | 19.2 | 20.9 | 25.4 | — | | Fat intake (%) | | 0.005 | | <20% of total energy intake | 11.9 | 20.0 | 23.8 | — | | 20–25% of total energy intake | 41.1 | 38.1 | 46.8 | — | | >25% of total energy intake | 47.0 | 49.1 | 29.4 | — | | Protein intake (%) | | 0.529 | | <60% of total energy intake | 16.9 | 11.2 | 12.7 | | | 60–65% of total energy intake | 29.7 | 31.6 | 31.7 | | | >65% of total energy intake | 53.4 | 57.2 | 55.6 | | | FPG (mmol/L) | 5.17 (4.94–5.34) | 5.97 (5.74–6.20) | 7.72 (7.35–8.89) | <0.001 | | 2 h OGTT (mmol/L) | 5.35 ± 1.08 | 7.64 ± 1.48 | 12.16 ± 1.55 | <0.001 | | HbA1c (%) | 5.06 ± 0.80 | 5.20 ± 1.03 | 6.64 ± 1.64 | <0.001 | | Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 7.0 (6.55–7.36) | 7.36 (6.89–8.70) | 10.10 (8.54–13.7) | <0.001 | | HOMA-IR | 1.60 (1.42–1.73) | 2.04 (1.81–2.32) | 3.64 (2.93–4.58) | <0.001 | | HOMA-β | 84.14 (72.72–99.79) | 60.27 (52.46–70.64) | 48.67 (32.96–66.35) | <0.001 | | SBP (mmHg) | 121.74 ± 20.01 | 130.94 ± 23.61 | 130.49 ± 18.90 | <0.001 | | DBP (mmHg) | 76.46 ± 9.97 | 80.53 ± 11.29 | 77.83 ± 8.31 | <0.001 | | TC (mmol/L) | 4.85 ± 0.84 | 5.00 ± 0.90 | 5.24 ± 1.12 | 0.001 | | TG (mmol/L) | 1.33 (1.04–1.94) | 1.72 (1.30–2.44) | 1.95 (1.31–3.17) | <0.001 | | HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.29 ± 0.32 | 1.20 ± 0.30 | 1.16 ± 0.28 | <0.001 | | LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.85 ± 0.75 | 2.80 ± 0.92 | 2.90 ± 1.04 | 0.613 | | IgE (IU/L) | 18 (7–34) | 20 (7–42.5) | 40 (16–64) | <0.001 | | hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.8 (0.4–2.0) | 1.50 (1.00–2.40) | <0.001 | | IL-6 (ng/L) | 58.56 ± 12.66 | 60.92 ± 12.82 | 60.39 ± 10.28 | 0.117 | | TNF- (pg/mL) | 284.94 ± 61.17 | 290.13 ± 68.22 | 295.37 ± 57.25 | 0.326 | | Tryptase (ng/mL) | 1481.21 ± 271.44 | 1545.36 ± 291.45 | 1524.96 ± 286.65 | 0.036 | | IL-4 (ng/L) | 283.45 ± 52.50 | 303.70 ± 56.84 | 304.45 ± 55.87 | <0.001 | | IL-10 (ng/L) | 229.23 ± 46.54 | 244.03 ± 53.34 | 265.04 ± 40.42 | <0.001 | | Foxp3+ (pg/mL) | 364.22 ± 72.27 | 367.26 ± 24.46 | 356.18 ± 83.12 | 0.418 |
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T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; NGG: normal glucose group; PDG: prediabetes group; T2DMG: T2DM group; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; WHR: waist hip ratio; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-: homeostasis model assessment- cell function; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2 h OGTT: 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test; HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IgE: immunoglobulin E; hs-CRP: hypersensitivity C-reactive protein; TNF-: tumor necrosis factor; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-4: interleukin-4; IL-10: interleukin-10; Foxp3+: forkhead/winged helix transcription factor 3+.
Variable is described using mean and standard deviation. Variable is described using median and interquartile range. , PDG compared with the NGG group; , DMG compared with the NGG group. , T2DMG compared with the PDG group.
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