A Pilot Study to Assess the Feasibility of the Spanish Diabetes Self-Management Program in the Basque Country
Table 3
Variables related to self-efficacy, quality of life, diet, and physical exercise at baseline and 6 months after the intervention.
n
Preintervention
Mean difference (95% CI)
p value
Spanish Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale
Diet
131
6.5 (2.2)
0.5 (0.2, 0.9)
0.006
Physical activity
137
6.7 (2.2)
0.7 (0.3, 1.1)
0.0003
Disease control
136
6.2 (2.1)
0.8 (0.5, 1.2)
<0.0001
Total score
128
6.5 (1.7)
0.6 (0.3, 0.9)
<0.0001
Quality of life, physical activity
ADDQoL score
145
−1.4 (1.4)
−0.02 (−0.2, 0.2)
0.877
Moderate and vigorous activity minutes/week
137
539 (776)
−13 (−144, 117)
0.840
Moderate and vigorous activity MET hours/week
137
5.5 (7.7)
0.01 (−1.4, 1.4)
0.984
Met physical activity recommendations for their age; n (%)
137
79 (58)
12 (4, 21)
0.007
Dietary habits; n (%)
Fruit & vegetables: ≥5 pieces p/d
141
37 (26)
10 (2, 18)
0.020
Olive oil: ≥3 soup spoons p/d
142
28 (20)
−4 (−12, 5)
0.398
Red meat: <2 portions p/w
139
47 (34)
3 (−6, 11)
0.505
Cold cured meat: <2 portions p/w
131
64 (49)
11 (1, 20)
0.035
Legumes: ≥2 plates p/w
139
97 (70)
−4 (−13, 4)
0.304
Commercial sweets: <2 pieces p/w
125
87 (70)
3 (−5, 12)
0.465
Beverages: <1 can p/d
124
107 (86)
−2 (−8, 3)
0.405
Data are mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise stated. n (%) = frequency (percentage). The “n” column reports frequencies of available data at both time points. ADDQol: Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life. MET: metabolic equivalent. Meat portions were 100–150 grams for red meat and 4-5 slices or 80 grams for cold cured meat. p/w and p/d indicate per week and per day, respectively. Differences were calculated as postintervention minus preintervention values. Mean difference for categorical variables corresponds to differences in paired proportions and their respective 95% CI. Reported p values are based on paired t-tests for continuous variables and McNemar’s test for binary variables.
