Journal of Diabetes Research

Research Article

Influence of Age at Diagnosis and Time-Dependent Risk Factors on the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Table 4

Univariate analysis to analyze the association between time-dependent variables along the follow-up and the development of DR during the same period.
VariableHR (CI 95%) value
Smoking  
 No/ex-smokerReference 
 Smoker1.75 (1.24, 2.47)0.001
SBP (per 10 mmHg)1.28 (1.14, 1.45)<0.001
DBP (per 10 mmHg)1.75 (1.44, 2.12)0.001
HDL (per 10 mg/dL)0.78 (0.69, 0.88)<0.001
LDL (per 10 mg/dL)1.06 (1.00, 1.13)0.052
Triglycerides (per 10 mg/dL)1.04 (1.02, 1.06)<0.001
BMI1.10 (1.05, 1.15)<0.001
HbA1c (per 1%)1.22 (1.08, 1.37)0.001
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL, low density lipoproteins; HDL, high density lipoproteins; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.