Ethnic Minorities with Diabetes Differ in Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Diabetes-Distress

Table 3

Mean EK10- and PAID5-scores, standard deviations, F tests, and effect sizes for native Dutch compared to other ethnic groups.

Measures	Study groups
	(1) Native Dutch	(2) Moroccan	(3) Turkish	(4) Surinamese	(5) Other	Effect size Cohen’s d
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)						F (4,547)	d2	d3	d4	d5
	EK10-depression	8.8 (7.4)	15.5 (9.8)	16.1 (10.4)	11.8 (8.7)	9.2 (7.8)	14.4	0.77	0.81	0.37	0.05
EK10-anxiety	0.5 (0.9)	1.4 (1.5)	1.2 (1.4)	0.9 (1.2)	0.5 (1.0)	11.9	0.73	0.59	0.38	0
PAID5	3.2 (3.9)	7.1 (5.3)	6.1 (5.0)	4.8 (4.5)	3.9 (4.5)	13.5	0.84	0.65	0.38	0.17

Compared to native Dutch as the reference group.
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All other reported ethnic backgrounds.