Maternal Dietary Patterns and Gestational Diabetes Risk: A Case-Control Study

Table 5

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for gestational diabetes mellitus by median categories of dietary patterns in an Iranian GDM case-control study between 2009 and 2010, Tehran, Iran.

	Cases, n (%)	Controls, n (%)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^b (95% CI)
Western dietary pattern^a
Low	48 (39.0)	150 (55.8)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
High	75 (61.0)	119 (44.2)	1.97 (1.27–3.04)	1.68 (1.04–2.72)
Prudent dietary pattern^a
Low	63 (51.2)	133 (49.4)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
High	60 (48.8)	136 (50.6)	0.93 (0.60–1.42)	0.97 (0.61–1.56)

^aLow category comprises below median values, and high category corresponds to above median values; ^badjusted for confounding variables (prepregnancy BMI, gestational age, physical activity, family history of diabetes, housing ownership, and building area); .