Review Article
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: Why Should Cardiologists Care about That?
Table 2
Ewing’s tests and CAN diagnosis.
| Test | Description |
| Expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio | The patient was asked to take deep breaths for 10 minutes with frequency about 6 breaths/min. | Valsalva maneuver | The patient was asked to blow into the special manometer to maintain the pressure at about 40 mmHg for 15 s. | Postural heart rate response: maximum-minimum (30 : 15 ratio) | Heart rate was measured in the horizontal position and again two minutes later after standing upright. | Postural blood pressure response | Blood pressure was measured in the horizontal position and after 1, 3, and 5 minutes after standing upright. | Isometric handgrip test | The patient was asked to grip the dynamometer for 5 minutes. |
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