Journal of Diabetes Research / 2017 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Using iPS Cells and Spice Polyphenols Table 1 Summary of stem cell-based therapies.
Types of stem cells Advantages Disadvantages References iPS cells Avoiding ethical question and immune rejection; potentially unlimited supply Have carcinogenic effects [28 , 29 ] Pancreatic stem cells Partially differentiated toward β cells Difficulty isolating cells and transdifferentiation factors [28 , 29 , 32 ] Hepatic stem cells Ideal autologous source; endodermal origin Difficulty achieving sufficient in vitro cell mass for use in transplant therapy [28 , 33 ] Embryonic stem cells Potentially unlimited supply; self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation Ethical constraints; the possibility of forming teratomas; cause autoimmune response [28 , 29 ] Spermatogonial stem cells Potentially unlimited supply; avoiding ethical question; unlimited plasticity No long-term studies; male centric [28 , 92 ] Mesenchymal stem cells Potentially unlimited supply; with multidirectional differentiation potential; autologous transplantation Require chronic administration and adjunct therapy; effects are incomplete and temporary; their potential immunotolerance and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo are not clear [28 , 52 ]