Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Using iPS Cells and Spice Polyphenols

Table 2

The effective role of spices in the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Spices	Picture	Active compound	Test methods	Beneficial effects	References
Cinnamon		Cinnamaldehyde	Randomized double-blind test, parallel control experiment, capsule dose of 1, 3, and 6 g/day	Cinnamon decreased plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol levels	[45]
Ginger		Enone, honeydone	Randomized double-blind test, parallel control experiment, capsule dose 3 g/day	Ginger to reduce the body of FBG, HbA1c also improve insulin resistance	[15, 48]
Turmeric		Curcumin	Standard metformin and supplemented with 2 g of turmeric	Curcuma is useful on blood sugar, oxidative stress, inflammation	[15]
Cumin		Anisole alcohol	The dose of black fennel is 1, 2, and 3 g/day	Daily fennel 2 g can significantly reduce blood glucose levels	[50]
Coriander		Phenols, flavonoids	Coriander seed powder dose 5 g/day	Coriander and anise seeds can reduce FBG, plasma lipids, lipoproteins	[51, 53]
Anise		Anethole	Octagonal powder dose 5 g/day	Improvement of HDL control of plasma lipid peroxidation	[49]
Fenugreek		Saponin	2.5 g of fenugreek leaves were mixed with water	Fenugreek lowers blood sugar levels and glycerol triphosphate	[44]
Onion		Flavonoids	Daily doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 g of fresh onion slices	Onion intake can reduce FBG levels	[54]
Clove		Eugenol	Daily doses were 0, 1, 2, and 3 g	Reduce serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL	[93]