Association between the Time of Length since Smoking Cessation and Insulin Resistance in Asymptomatic Korean Male Ex-Smokers

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the study population according to smoking status.

	Never-smokers; ()	Ex-smokers; ()	value
Age (years)	54.09 ± 8.07	54.34 ± 7.50	0.797
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.30 ± 2.69	24.58 ± 2.81	0.420
WC (cm)	86.42 ± 6.39	86.96 ± 6.53	0.500
SBP (mmHg)	128.84 ± 14.02	129.93 ± 14.29	0.540
DBP (mmHg)	77.24 ± 10.05	78.84 ± 9.47	0.191
Alcohol use			0.181
No	39 (44.8%)	48 (55.2%)
Yes^a	65 (35.9%)	116 (64.1%)
Exercise			0.383
Regular^b	38 (35.5%)	69 (64.5%)
Irregular^c	37 (37.8%)	61 (62.2%)
No^d	29 (46.0%)	34 (54.0%)
HDL-C (mg/dL)	45.00 ± 10.87	45.79 ± 9.25	0.524
TG (mg/dL)	130.92 ± 80.16	145.11 ± 97.46	0.215
FBS (mg/dL)	95.36 ± 14.33	97.13 ± 13.91	0.314
INSULIN (μU/mL)	3.73 ± 4.57	4.03 ± 3.76	0.547
HOMA-IR	0.89 ± 1.07	0.98 ± 0.96	0.333
HOMA-β	44.32 ± 55.27	46.02 ± 43.23	0.643
CAVI	7.61 ± 0.99	7.50 ± 0.84	0.324
ABI	1.15 ± 0.07	1.15 ± 0.07	0.650

value was calculated by t-test or Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables or chi-square test for incontinuous variables. Values are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). ^aDrinking ≥1 time per week. ^bExercise ≥1 time per week and ≥30 minutes per time. ^cExercise <1 time per week or <30 minutes per time. ^dNo exercises. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FBS: fasting blood sugar; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; CAVI: cardio-ankle vascular index; ABI: ankle-brachial index.