Low Levels of Usual Physical Activity Are Associated with Higher 24 h Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Blood pressure profiles, stratified by step count tertiles.
Variables
Tertiles (steps/day)
1st (<4873)
2nd (4873–7113)
3rd (≥7114)
Office
Systolic BP (mmHg)
142.8 ± 20.7
134.6 ± 14.8
136.3 ± 17.2
0.054
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
78.1 ± 9.9
77.7 ± 9.6
79.5 ± 10.9
0.666
24 h
Systolic BP (mmHg)
133.2 ± 15.4
125.7 ± 11.6
126.8 ± 12.3
0.011
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
73.7 ± 8.3
72.5 ± 6.5
74.2 ± 8.1
0.510
Mean BP (mmHg)
95.2 ± 9.6
91.3 ± 7
92.8 ± 8.6
0.072
Pulse pressure (mmHg)
58.2 ± 14.9
52.7 ± 12.4
52.5 ± 9.8
0.040
Systolic BP load (%)
44 (22–76)
26 (8–53)
24 (11–45)
0.014
Diastolic BP load (%)
8 (3–26)
5 (1–18)
7 (2–27)
0.269
Daytime
Systolic BP (mmHg)
135.9 ± 14.6
127.2 ± 12.4
128.9 ± 11.9
0.003
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
76.9 ± 8.5
74.6 ± 7.1
77.2 ± 8.4
0.227
Mean BP (mmHg)
98 ± 9.5
93.2 ± 7.8
95.5 ± 8.7
0.025†
Pulse pressure (mmHg)
57.7 ± 14.5
52.1 ± 12.6
51.7 ± 9.6
0.028
Systolic BP load (%)
33 (18–74)
10 (2–31)
20 (7–37)
<0.001†
Diastolic BP load (%)
6 (1–29)
2 (0–10)
5 (2–23)
0.022‡
Nighttime
Systolic BP (mmHg)
127.6 ± 18.7
121.4 ± 13.4
121.8 ± 15.3
0.096
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
67.2 ± 9.6
67 ± 7.9
67 ± 12
0.993
Mean BP (mmHg)
89.3 ± 11.8
86.4 ± 9.1
85.9 ± 14.6
0.307
Pulse pressure (mmHg)
59.3 ± 15.8
54.4 ± 10.1
53.5 ± 12.5
0.061
Systolic BP load (%)
54 (24–92)
52 (11–80)
41 (15–82)
0.424
Diastolic BP load (%)
5 (0–26)
5 (0–14)
8 (0–24)
0.416
1st versus 2nd and 3rd tertiles; †1st versus 2nd tertile; ‡2nd versus 3rd tertile. Variables are expressed as means ± SD or median (interquartile range).
