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| Patient characteristics | All patients
Mean ± SD, range or n (%) patients | Type 1 diabetes
Mean ± SD, range or n (%) patients | Type 2 diabetes
Mean ± SD, range or n (%) patients | value |
|
| Number of patients (%) | 298 (100) | 133 (44.6) | 165 (55.4) | — |
| Age (years) | 60.54 ± 16.64 | 52.11 ± 17.19 | 67.33 ± 12.63 | 0.001 |
| Males | 153/145 | 62 (46.6) | 83 (50) | 0.606 |
| BMI (kg/m2) [mean ± SD] | 30.38 ± 7.45 | 26.38 ± 4.66 | 33.58 ± 7.73 | 0.001 |
| Known duration of diabetes (years) [mean ± SD] | 21.43 ± 14.62 | 25.26 ± 16.75 | 18.11 ± 11.58 | 0.001 |
| Daily insulin dose (units/day) [mean ± SD] | 66.48 ± 56.05 | 49.04 ± 26.91 | 74.59 ± 63.80 | 0.001 |
| Daily insulin dose/BMI (units/kg/m2/day) [mean ± SD] | 2.06 ± 1.35 () | 1.84 ± 0.91 () | 2.16 ± 1.52 () | 0.307 |
| HbA1c (%) [mean ± SD] | 7.77 ± 1.25 | 7.94 ± 1.94 | 7.64 ± 1.27 | 0.032 |
| <7 | 31 (23.3) | 48 (28.9) |
| 7-8 | 36 (27.1) | 59 (35.5) |
| >8 | 66 (49.6) | 58 (34.9) |
| SD around mean SMBG | 68.71 ± 17.04 | 78.93 ± 2.04 | 60.47 ± 1.69 | 0.001 |
| Lowest SMBG reading [mean ± SD] | 49.69 ± 15.78 | 40.98 ± 9.54 | 56.71 ± 16.33 | 0.001 |
| Number of daily insulin injections [mean ± SD] | 3.87 ± 0.93 (median 4, range 1–6) | 4.12 ± 0.48 (median 4, range 2–6) | 3.73 ± 1.08 (median 4, range 1–5) | 0.001 |
| MDI | | 86 (64.7) | 165 (100) | — |
| Insulin pump | 47 (35.3) | None |
| HTN | 170 (57.0) | 47 (35.3) | 123 (74.5) | 0.001 |
| CAD | 74 (24.8) | 19 (14.3) | 55 (33.3) | 0.001 |
| Nephropathy | 102 (34.2) | 27 (20.3) | 75 (45.2) | 0.001 |
| Retinopathy (n, %) | 63 (21.1) | 32 (24.1) | 31 (18.8) | 0.334 |
| Depression (n, %) | 49 (16.4) | 16 (12.0) | 33 (20.0) | 0.091 |
| Caucasians (n, %) | 265 (88.9) | 128 (96.2) | 137 (83.1) | 0.001 |
| All hypoglycemic episodes | 6100 events | 4583 events in 133 (100%) patients | 1517 events in 136 (82%) patients | 0.000 |
| All hypoglycemic episodes per person per year [OR (95% CI)] | 81.9 (80.0 to 82.9) | 137.8 (135.9 to 139.8) | 36.8 (35.9 to 37.7) | 0.000 |
| No hypoglycemic episodes | 29 (9.7%) | 0 (0%) | 29 (17.6%) | — |
| 1–10 hypoglycemic episodes in 3 months | 269 (90.3%) | 16 (12%) | 86 (52.1%) | — |
| >10 hypoglycemic episodes in 3 months | 167 (56.0%) | 117 (88%) | 50 (30.3%) | — |
| Severe hypoglycemic episodes | 762 | 643 events in 91 (68%) patients | 119 events in 32 (19%) patients | 0.000 |
| Severe hypoglycemic episodes per person per year [OR (95% CI)] | 10.2 (9.9 to 10.6) | 19.3 (18.6 to 20.1) | 2.9 (2.6 to 3.2) | 0.000 |
| No severe hypoglycemic episodes | 175 (58.7%) | 42 (31.6%) | 133 (80.6%) | — |
| 1–10 severe hypoglycemic episodes in 3 months | 123 (41.3%) | 73 (54.9%) | 31 (18.8%) | — |
| >10 severe hypoglycemic episodes in 3 months | 19 (6.4%) | 18 (13.5%) | 1 (0.6%) | — |
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