Host-Parasite Interactions in Individuals with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Result in Higher Frequency of Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals
Table 2
Frequency of intestinal protozoa and helminths detected in fecal samples of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D, ) and type 2 (T2D, ), examined in health centers and the regional hospital of Taguatinga, Federal District, Brazil, 2011-2012.
Parasites species
Diabetic individuals (%)
T1D
T2D
Protozoans
Giardia lamblia
12 (10)
13 (36)
<0.01
Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
1 (0.8)
1 (3)
0.40
Balantidium coli
0 (0)
1 (3)
0.40
Helminths
Ascaris lumbricoides
8 (7)
11 (30)
<0.01
Taenia sp.
4 (3)
1 (3)
1.00
Hookworms
1 (0.8)
2 (6)
0.13
Hymenolepis nana
1 (0.8)
1 (3)
0.40
Strongyloides stercoralis
1 (0.8)
0 (0)
1.00
Enterobius vermicularis
1 (0.8)
0 (0)
1.00
Schistosoma mansoni
1 (0.8)
0 (0)
1.00
Commensals
Entamoeba coli
46 (38)
19 (53)
0.12
Endolimax nana
28 (23)
8 (22)
0.89
Entamoeba hartmanni
15 (12)
1 (3)
1.00
Multiple infections
E. coli + E. nana
8 (7)
1 (3)
0.69
E. coli + E. hartmanni
5 (4)
0 (0)
0.59
E. coli + G. lamblia
3 (2.5)
4 (11)
0.05
E. coli + A. lumbricoides
2 (2)
4 (11)
0.03
E. hartmanni + G. lamblia
3 (2.5)
0 (0)
1.00
E. coli + hookworms
1 (0.8)
0 (0)
1.00
E. hartmanni + E. nana
1 (0.8)
0 (0)
1.00
E. coli + Taenia sp.
1 (0.8)
0 (0)
1.00
E. hartmanni + A. lumbricoides
1 (0.8)
0 (0)
1.00
G. lamblia + A. lumbricoides
1 (0.8)
2 (6)
0.13
E. nana + G. lamblia
0 (0)
1 (3)
0.23
E. coli + S. stercoralis
0 (0)
1 (3)
0.23
E. coli + E. nana + E. hartmanni
3 (2.5)
1 (3)
1.00
E. coli + G. lamblia + hookworms
0 (0)
1 (3)
0.23
E. coli + G. lamblia + S. stercoralis
0 (0)
1 (3)
0.23
E. coli + E. nana + G. lamblia
0 (0)
1 (3)
0.23
E. coli + G. lamblia + A. lumbricoides
0 (0)
1 (3)
0.23
E. coli + G. lamblia + A. lumbricoides + Taenia sp. + hookworms
0 (0)
1 (3)
0.23
E. coli + E. nana + G. lamblia + Taenia sp. + hookworm + S. stercoralis
0 (0)
1 (3)
0.23
Chi-square or exact Fisher’s tests (when the expected values in any of the contingency table cells were below 5).
