The All-Cause Mortality and a Screening Tool to Determine High-Risk Patients among Prevalent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Table 2

Result of univariate association between factors and status of death within five years.

Factors	Completeness of data	Category	Died within 5 years				p value	Crude odds ratio; >2.0
			No		Yes
	%		n	%	n	%
Age group (years)	100.0	<40	3154	5.3	100	1.0	<0.001	Yes
		40–64	41,837	70.7	4479	43.3
		65 and above	14,226	24.0	5759	55.7
Gender	99.8	Male	23,095	39.1	5284	51.2	<0.001	No
		Female	36,027	60.9	5042	48.8
Ethnicity	99.8	Malay	36,997	62.6	6048	58.6	<0.001	No
		Chinese	10,836	18.3	2388	23.1
		India	10,700	18.1	1813	17.6
		Others	589	1.0	69	0.7
BMI category (WHO)	77.1	Underweight	592	1.3	295	4.6	<0.001	Yes
		Normal	14,631	31.1	2842	43.9
		Overweight	19,588	41.6	2207	34.1
		Obese	12,309	26.1	1134	17.5
Duration of disease (years)	82.1	<5	26,130	52.7	2898	38.6	<0.001	Yes
		5 to 10	17,028	34.3	2786	37.2
		>10	6444	13.0	1815	24.2
Hypertension	82.5	Yes	34,505	69.2	5892	78.1	<0.001	No
Dyslipidemia	82.5	Yes	23,248	46.6	3380	44.8	0.003	No
Status of HbA1c (%)	53.2	≤7.0	11,064	33.8	1380	32.0	0.015	No
Status of systolic (mmHg)	80.7	≤130	22,514	45.9	2763	39.0	<0.001	No
Status of diastolic (mmHg)	80.7	≤80	31,148	63.5	4744	66.9	<0.001	No
Status of LDL (mmol/L)	55.2	≤2.6	10,587	31.1	1372	31.2	0.960	No
Status of HDL (mmol/L)	53.4	≥1.1	23,364	71.1	2966	69.2	0.009	No
Status of Tg (mmol/L)	65.3	≤1.7	22,399	55.8	2836	53.7	0.005	No
Retinopathy	49.4	Yes	2456	8.1	621	14.9	<0.001	Yes
Ishaemic heart disease	58.7	Yes	1673	4.7	600	11.7	<0.001	Yes
Cerebrovascular	62.8	Yes	411	1.1	206	3.8	<0.001	Yes
Nephropathy	59.3	Yes	4068	11.3	1063	20.6	<0.001	Yes
Foot problem	64.7	Yes	1897	4.8	576	10.2	<0.001	Yes

Gender and ethnicity cannot be imputed because there are no identifiers (name and identification card number) during the data export.