Sex Differences in the Prevalence and Modulators of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of the 679 analysed subjects of the DIACORE baseline visit.
Characteristic
Women ()
Men ()
All ()
Age [years]
65 ± 10
66 ± 8
66 ± 9
BMI [kg/m2]
31.9 ± 6.0
30.3 ± 4.8
31.0 ± 5.4
Waist-hip ratio
0.9 ± 0.07
1.00 ± 0.06
0.96 ± 0.08
Waist circumference [cm]
98 ± 14
102 ± 18
101 ± 17
Triglycerides [mg/dl]
163 ± 80
177 ± 156
171 ± 131
HDL-C [mg/dl]
58 ± 16
50 ± 13
53 ± 15
T2D duration [years]
9.4 ± 7.5
10.6 ± 8.3
10.1 ± 8.0
HbA1c [%]
6.8 ± 1.0
6.9 ± 1.2
6.8 ± 1.1
HbA1c [mmol/mol]
50.8 ± 12.6
51.9 ± 10.4
50.8 ± 11.5
HOMA-IR†
6.3 ± 8.5
6.0 ± 6.7
6.1 ± 7.4
Systolic BP [mmHg]
136 ± 18
139 ± 18
138 ± 18
Metabolic syndrome [%]
83.5
68.8
74.6
Coronary artery disease [%]
9.7
28.4
21.1
Acute myocardial infarction [%]
6.0
15.8
11.9
Insulin [%]
24.0
28.6
26.8
Oral antidiabetics [%]
76.4
76.5
76.4
Sulfonylureas [%]
13.5
21.8
18.6
Incretins [%]
21.3
23.5
22.7
Data are expressed as percentage (%) for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. BMI = body mass index; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; T2D = type 2 diabetes; BP = blood pressure; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (fasting, use of long-acting insulin). . Metabolic syndrome is defined according to NCEP criteria [26].
