The Influence of Clinically Diagnosed Neuropathy on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Subject characteristics.

	C ()	D− ()	D+ ()
Age (yrs)	73 (6.8)	79 (9.9)	79 (9.1)^a
BMI (kg/m^2)	28 (4.0)	31 (6.2)^a	29 (5.3)
HbA1c (%)	5.5 (0.40)	6.7 (0.81)^a	6.7 (1.24)^a
Diabetes duration (yrs)	/	10.5 (8.34)	10.3 (8.64)
Level of physical activity	8.2 (1.24–32.19)	6.4 (0.00–38.35)	2.6 (0.00–36.41)^ab
Male : female
(%)	43 : 57	39 : 61	34 : 66
(count)	15 : 20	11 : 17	28 : 54
Community-dwelling : RCS
(%)	71 : 29	29 : 71^a	37 : 63^a
(count)	25 : 10	08 : 20^a	30 : 52^a

Data were expressed as mean (SD), with exception for the level of physical activity as median (min-max), gender, and residential status as ratio (% and count); C: healthy controls; D−: T2DM without cdNP; D+: T2DM with cdNP; yrs: years; RCS: residential care setting; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; ^a compared to C; ^b compared to D−.