The Influence of Clinically Diagnosed Neuropathy on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 6

Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA, corrected for age, body mass index, and physical activity) on peripheral muscle strength, balance, and gait.

	value; value	C ()	D− ()	D+ ()
HGS (kg)		26.9 (12.36)	20.1 (10.15)	17.6 (9.50)
SPPB: total		11 (4–12)	7 (1–12)^a	6 (1–12)^a
(A) CST		3 (0–4)	1 (0–4)	0 (0–4)^a
(B) Balance total		4 (3–4)	3.5 (0–4)	3 (0–4)^a
Side-by-side		2 (2-2)	2 (0–2)	2 (0–2)
Semitandem		2 (2-2)	2 (0–2)	2 (0–2)
Tandem		2 (1-2)	1.5 (0–2)	1 (0–2)^a
(C) Gait		4 (1–4)	2 (1–4)^a	3 (1–4)^a

Data were expressed as median (min-max), with exception for HGS as mean (SD); C: healthy controls; D−: T2DM without cdNP; D+: T2DM with cdNP; HGS: Handgrip Strength; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; CST: chair stand test; ^a compared to C.