Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk to Hip Fracture in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis by Deteriorating the Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Mass

Figure 1

Plots of changes in various structural parameters of trabecular bone: (a) bone volume/total volume BV/TV, (b) bone surface density (BS/TV), (c) trabecular number (Tb.N), (d) trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), (e) trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), (f) mean 1 (vBMD), (g) structural model index (SMI), (h) connectivity density (Conn-Dens), and (i) degree of anisotropy (DA) of a rat’s femur head from Gp. I—control/sham-operated, Gp. II—sham-T2DM, Gp. III—OVX, and Gp. IV—T2DM+OVX which were compared over the period of 8, 10, and 14 weeks of onset of diabetes. Two-way ANOVA was performed with Bonferroni’s posttest multiple comparison test using GraphPad Prism 5. Adjusted value (, ). .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)