Famine Exposure in Early Life and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood: Comparisons of Different Metabolic Syndrome Definitions
Table 3
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of metabolic syndrome in relation to different life stages at famine exposure.
Exposure stages
Prevalence of MetS (%)
Model 1
Model 2
NCEP-ATP III criterion
Unexposed
25.4
1.00 (Ref)
1.00 (Ref)
Fetal-exposed
34.3
1.25 (1.03-1.52)
1.22 (1.00-1.49)
Childhood-exposed
41.1
1.37 (1.15-1.62)
1.30 (1.08-1.58)
Adolescence/adult-exposed
49.8
1.35 (1.01-1.80)
1.25 (0.89-1.73)
CDS criterion
Unexposed
17.8
1.00 (Ref)
1.00 (Ref)
Fetal-exposed
25.7
1.29 (1.04-1.59)
1.29 (1.04-1.60)
Childhood-exposed
31.1
1.36 (1.13-1.64)
1.31 (1.10-1.60)
Adolescence/adult-exposed
45.3
1.67 (1.23-2.26)
1.62 (1.19-2.21)
IDF criterion
Unexposed
21.8
1.00 (Ref)
1.00 (Ref)
Fetal-exposed
29.5
1.21 (0.99-1.48)
1.23 (1.00-1.52)
Childhood-exposed
35.4
1.26 (1.06-1.51)
1.27 (1.04-1.55)
Adolescence/adult-exposed
43.5
1.21 (0.90-1.63)
1.23 (0.88-1.72)
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for age, study cohort, residential area, sex, education levels, income levels, current smoking, and current drinking.