|
| Author (year) | Population | Polymorphism | Conclusions |
|
| Aldose reductase (Alr) | Abhary et.al. (2010) [102] | Australian | rs9640883 | Association with duration of diabetes rather than a direct association to DR |
| Wang et al. (2003) [115] | Chinese | Rs759853 T allele | Protective effect against DR in DM type 1 |
| Santos et al. (2003) [116] | Euro-Brazilian | ALR C(-106)T | No association to DR |
| Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) | Zhao et al. (2012) [114] | Chinese | NOS3 4b/a | Negative association with DR (protective effect) |
| Cheema et al. (2012) [117] | Asian Indian | rs3138808 | No association with DR |
| Santos et al. (2012) [118] | Caucasian-Brazilian | NOS3b/a | No association to DR |
| Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) | Ng et al. (2012) [119] | Malaysian | -429T/C and -374T/A | No association with DR |
| Vanita (2014) [120] | Indian | Gly82Ser | Positive association with DR |
| Yang et al. (2013) [121] | Chinese | Gly82Ser | Associated to DR risk |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | Kangas-Kontio et al. (2009) [122] | Multiethnic | rs3095039 | No association |
| Abhary et al. (2009) [123] | Multiethnic | rs3025021 | Positive association |
| Qiu et al. (2013) [124] | Chinese | rs2010963 | Positive association |
| Gluthatione S-transferase (GST) | Dadbinpour et al. (2013) [125] | Iranian | GSTM1 | Positive association with DR |
| Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) | Haghighi et al. (2015) [126] | Iranian | A16V | Positive association with DR |
| Vanita (2014) [120] | Indian | Val16Ala | No association with DR |
| Intercellular adhesion molecule1 (ICAM-1) | Fan et al. (2015) [127] | Asian | rs5498 | Negative association with DR |
| | | Rs13306430 | Positive association with DR |
| Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) | Rodrigues et al. (2015) [128] | Brazilian | Rs1800471 | Positive association with DR |
| Bazzaz et al. (2014) [129] | Caucasian | +869 C/T
+915 G/C | No association with DR |
|
