A Novel Liposome Formulation Carrying Both an Insulin Peptide and a Ligand for Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Induces Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells to Islets in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

<div>Predicted mode of action of autoantigen-loaded <i>α</i>-GalCer liposome in autoantigen-specific Treg induction. RGI-3100-iB delivers autoantigen and <i>α</i>-GalCer to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). After several steps of processing of liposome in the late endosome/lysosome, APCs present the antigen via their MHC II and <i>α</i>-GalCer via CD1d that activates iNKT cells to secrete the tolerogenic cytokine, IL-10. Under the regulatory environment created by the activated iNKT cells, APCs interact with naïve diabetogenic effector CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells via specific antigen-loaded MHC II and costimulatory molecules, resulting in the conversion to autoantigen-specific Tregs.</div>

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Figure 4: A Novel Liposome Formulation Carrying Both an Insulin Peptide and a Ligand for Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Induces Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells to Islets in Nonobese Diabetic Mice 

Figure 4 | A Novel Liposome Formulation Carrying Both an Insulin Peptide and a Ligand for Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Induces Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells to Islets in Nonobese Diabetic Mice 