Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving a Primary Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty

Table 4

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) characteristics of T2DM patients with the total knee (TKA), hip (THA) arthroplasty, or no osteoarthritis or arthroplasty (No OA) groups.

	TKA	THA	No OA
Hemoglobin A1c, mean (SD)	7.09 (1.1)	6.74 (1.0)	7.6 (2.0)
Anti-diabetic intervention, % ()
Oral only	66.7 (36)^a	80.8 (21)^b	21.8 (19)^a,b
Insulin only	9.3 (5)^a	0 (0)^b	46.0 (41)^a,b
Both insulin and oral	9.3 (5)^a	11.5 (3)	16.1 (14)
Unavailable or not on medication for T2DM	14.8 (8)	7.7 (2)^b	14.9 (13)^b
T2DM duration, % (), (years)^	11.2 (8.6)^a	11.9 (8.0)^b	7.3 (6.4)^a,b
Duration from T2DM to surgery, % (), (years)^^	10.0 (8.6)	9.2 (7.1)	N/A
Duration of peripheral neuropathy to surgery, % () (years)	2.6 (1.5)	6.1 (7.3)	N/A

N/A = not applicable;  = number of patients; SD = standard deviation; ^aSignificant between TKA and no OA groups; ^bSignificant between THA and no OA groups; ^Duration from T2DM to surgery was available in 18 out of 54 patients with TKA and 9 out of 26 patients with THA; ^^Duration of peripheral neuropathy to surgery was available for all patients with TKA but only in 6 out of the 11 patients with THA reporting peripheral neuropathy.