Modal Analysis of 27 mm Piezo Electric Plate for Small-Scale Underwater Sonar-Based Navigation

Table 1

Sonar frequency and its range.

Frequency (kHz)	Range (m)
Low frequency (LF) 8–16	>10000
Medium frequency (MF) 18–36	2000–3000
High frequency (HF) 30–60	1500
Extra high frequency (EHF) 50–110	<1000
Very high frequency (VHF) 200–300	<100

Sources: [10–13].