Optimization of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine with Biodiesel Using Grey-Taguchi Method

Table 2

Fuel property table of diesel and Karanja oil methyl ester.

Property	Diesel	Karanja bio-diesel	ASTM standards
Specific gravity	0.824	0.880	D 3142-05
Density (gm/cc)	0.717	0.766	D 1298
API gravity	40.24	29.3	D 4052
Ash content (%)	0.060	0.094	D 874
Water content (%)	0.070	1.66	D 2709
Carbon residue (%)	0.080	0.530	D 189
Flash point (°C)	66	190	D 6450
Pour point (°C)	15	4	D 5949
Fire point (°C)	72	395	D 3828
Calorific value (kcal/kg)	10056.23	8095.24	D 5453-93
Viscosity (cSt)	4.2	32.3	D 2171
Cetane number	48	56.61	D 613