Review on Pervaporation: Theory, Membrane Performance, and Application to Intensification of Esterification Reaction

Table 2

Overview of membrane performance parameters of different pervaporation systems.

System	Membrane	Parameters			Reference
		Temperature (°C)	Flux (kg/m^2h)	Selectivity
Water/isobutyl acetate	PDMS	70	4.429	1.421	[47]
Water/isobutyl acetate	PERVAP 1201	70	0.712	686.5	[47]
Water/ethyl acetate	Hydrophilic	40	0.448 (mol/m^2h)	—	[109]
Water/ethyl acetate	Hydrophobic	40	7.505 (mol/m^2h)	—	[109]
Water/ethyl lactate	Glutaral cross-linked chitosan (GCCS)/carbomer (CP)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)	80	1.247	256	[46]
Water/ethyl lactate	Glutaral cross-linked gelatin (GCGE)/PAN	80	1.08	298	[46]
Water/ethyl lactate	Glutaral cross-linked hyaluronic acid (GCHA)/hydrolysis modification (HM)-PAN)	80	1.634	233	[46]
Water/ethyl oleate	PERVAP 1000	25	0.215	120	[110]
Water/n-butanol	PVA/PES	75	0.14	135	[48]
n-Butyl acetate/methanol	PERVAP 2255-50	41	—	3.5	[111]
Isobutyl acetate/water	Cross-linked PDMS	60	3.7	1.4	[95]
Water/ethanol	Polyvinyl alcohol	90–100	0–2	50–2000	[112]
Water/ethanol	Polyamide-6	80	1.15	2	[113]
Water/dioxane	Polyamide-6	35	0.04	45	[114]
Water/acetic acid	Polyamide-6/PAA	15	0.005	82	[115]
Water/isopropanol	PESS Li+	25	0.087	40	[116]
Water/isopropanol	PESS K+	25	0.026	60	[116]
Acetone/water	Polypropylene	116	0.1–1.2	3	[117]
Isopropanol/water	Silicone rubber	25	0.03–0.11	9–22	[118]
Butanol/water	Silicone rubber	30	<0.035	45–65	[119]
Butyl acetate/water	PDMS	50	0.55	370	[120]
Ethanol/water	Zeolite NaA	95	3.35	5100	[121]
Water/acetic acid	Pervatech	75	2.5	150	[122]
Water/isopropanol	Pervatech	100	4.0	250	[122]
Ethanol/water	Polyacrylonitrile	70	0.03	12500	[123]
Ethanol/water	Polyvinyl alcohol	70	0.38	140	[123]
Ethanol/water	Polyhydrazide	70	1.65	19	[123]
Methanol/isopropanol	Polypyrrole	58	0.004	2	[124]
Water/n-butanol	PVA membrane	70–90	0.154–0.184	12.2–16.5	[125]
Water/n-butyl acetate	PVA membrane	70–90	0.15–0.196	432–441	[125]
Water/acetic acid	PVA membrane	70–90	0.176–0.192	9.0–10.8	[125]
Water/methanol	CS-TEOS	60–80	0.005–0.29	450–1150	[73]
Ethanol/water	Tri-n-octylamine (liquid membrane)	54	0.0598	100	[75]
Ethyl acetate/water	Surface modified alumina membrane	40	0.254	66.9–78.9	[76]
Ethyl propionate/water	Surface modified alumina membrane	40	0.343	106.5–97.3	[76]
Ethyl butyrate/water	Surface modified alumina membrane	40	0.377	120.5–122.8	[76]
Water/ethanol	Modified porous glass	79	0.1	1630	[126]
Water/ethanol	Polyimide	75	0.01	850	[127]