Maximizing the Sustainability of Cement Utilization in Building Projects through the Use of Greener Materials

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of Portland cement and pyroprocessed clay (PC).

Property	ASTM type 1	PC
Physical
Fineness (m^2/kg)	401.7	410.0
Specific gravity	3.13	2.40
Chemical
SiO2 (%)	20.49	67.40
Al2O3 (%)	4.26	14.70
Fe2O3	3.14	7.83
CaO (%)	63.48	2.19
MgO (%)	2.11	1.67
SO3 (%)	2.9	0.15
Na2O + K2O (%)	0.49	1.21
LOI (%)	2.2	4.01