Sediment and Cavitation Erosion Studies through Dam Tunnels

Table 12

Volume fraction of water vapors, volume fraction gradient, and Euler or cavitation numbers in Tunnel 3 under various head conditions.

Head	S1	S2	Out1	Out2	Out3	Out4	Max. water vapor volume fraction gradient (m^−1)	Max. volume fraction of water vapor
Volume fraction of water vapors and volume fraction gradient
High	0.95	0.95	0.48	0.82	0.82	0.97	1.746	0.971
Medium	0.86	0.95	0.91	0.73	0.76	0.95	1.916	0.958
Low	0.87	0.72	0.67	0.45	0.57	0.74	1.416	0.906
Euler or cavitation numbers
High	0.86	1.09	0.41	0.39	0.51	0.96	—	—
Medium	0.97	1.12	0.49	0.68	0.80	1.12	—	—
Low	1.09	1.38	0.69	1.00	1.88	2.40	—	—