Research Article
The Circular Economy of E-Waste in the Netherlands: Optimizing Material Recycling and Energy Recovery
Table 1
Avoided use of new material and the associated correction for losses per recycled material.
| Recycled material | Avoided use of new material (ecoinvent process) | Correction for losses (% extra needed) |
| Aluminium | Aluminium, primary, ingot ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec | 3% | Iron and steel | Steel, low-alloyed ∣ steel production, converter, low-alloyed Alloc Rec | 10.5% | Zinc | Zinc ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec | 90.3% | Copper | Copper concentrate ∣ copper mine operation ∣ Alloc Rec | No losses | Polystyrene (PS) | Petroleum ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec | No losses | Polyethylene (PE) | Petroleum ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec | No losses | ABS | Petroleum ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec | No losses | Glass used for glass recycling | Flat glass, uncoated ∣ production ∣ Alloc Rec | 20.7% | Glass used for concrete production | 39% sand ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec, and 61% gravel, crushed ∣ market for ∣ Alloc Rec | No losses |
|
|