Optimal Power Flow Techniques under Characterization of Conventional and Renewable Energy Sources: A Comprehensive Analysis

Table 2

Comparative analysis of traditional and metaheuristic based OPF methods.

S. number	Properties	Traditional technique	Metaheuristic techniques
(1)	Model formulation	Model is used to simulate a system when the system is not extremely complicated.	Metaheuristic techniques try to imitate, in a very simplistic way, the human cognition capability.
(2)	Prerequisites	Use the principles (e.g., physical laws) to derive the relationships of the system.	Dependent on data to determine the structure and parameters.
(3)	Nonlinearity integration	Possible if prior knowledge of the nature of the nonlinearity exists.	The prior information of the nature of the nonlinearity is not required.
(4)	Hypothesis	Simplifying the problem or incorporating assumptions to make model more understandable.	No need to simplify the model and/or add assumptions.
(5)	Precision & accuracy	Provide highest level of accuracy.	Provide greater precision and accuracy due to less chances of error.
(6)	Efficiency	Needs more time to solve the complex problem.	Utilized to carry out repetitive and time-consuming tasks, efficiently.
(7)	Renewable energy integration	Requires complex mathematical modelling.	With metaheuristic model renewable energy, source incorporation is easy.