Optimal Power Flow Techniques under Characterization of Conventional and Renewable Energy Sources: A Comprehensive Analysis

Table 3

Summarization of OPF methods for power system with conventional energy sources.

OPF for power system with conventional energy sources
OPF methodologies	Mathematical methods			Metaheuristic algorithms
	Gradient method	Newton’s method	Linear, nonlinear, and semidefinite programming	Genetic algorithm	Particle swarm optimization	BAT algorithm	Weed optimization
Approach	Penalty-based scheme	Newton’s algorithm	(i) Nonlinear programming; (ii) Semidefinite programming	(i) Enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA); (ii) Evolutionary algorithms	(i) Hybrid PSO (HPSO); (ii) Fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization (FAPSO); (iii) Dissimilar particle swarm optimization (PSO)	BAT algorithm	Chaotic invasive weed optimization (CIWO)
Techniques	(i) Adjoint equation technique	(i) Voltage source converter-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) system; (ii) Primal-dual interior point method; (iii) SVC susceptance and firing angle models; (iv) Numerical integration techniques	(i) Interior point method; (ii) Primal-dual interior point algorithms	(i) Continuous and discrete control variables; (ii) Benders’ cut method; (iii) and optimization modules; (iv) Voltage angles at generator-buses as control variables	(i) Enhanced general passive congregation (GPAC), local passive congregation (LPAC); (ii) The CA based coordinated aggregation operator; (iii) Fuzzy optimization strategy, aging leader, and challengers PSO (ALC-PSO)	(i) Unified power flow controller	Based on chaos
Applications	Transient stability analysis	(i) System regulation; (ii) PDIPM robustness improvement; (iii) Conventional and optimal power flow analysis; (iv) Ill conditioned or badly initialized power flow cases	(i) Classical power flow (C-PF) and approximate OPF (A-OPF) problems; (ii) Reformulation of the OPF problems; (iii) Optimal reactive power dispatch; (iv) Current mismatch formulation	(i) Nonlinear, nonconvex, large-scale, static optimization problem; (ii) Reactive power system planning; (iii) Compute voltages at load-buses with less computation	(i) Minimization of fuel cost, improving the voltage profile, and enhancing voltage stability; (ii) Reactive power and voltage control; (iii) Optimal loss reduction; (iv) Multiobjective reactive power and voltage control problem; (v) Power system optimization problems	(i) Minimize real power losses	(i) Optimal settings of OPF and its control variables
References	[4]	[5–9]	[10–13]	[22–25]	[26–30, 33]	[47]	[35]