Efficient Parallel Carrier Recovery for Ultrahigh Speed Coherent QAM Receivers with Application to Optical Channels

Table 1

DPLL Parameters.

Parallelism	𝐾^(𝑝)	𝐾^(𝑖)	Processing rate
1	0.12	0.001	32 GHz
32	2^−5	2^−10	1 GHz
64	2^−6	2^−10	500 MHz
80	2^−6	2^−10	400 MHz