Modeling, Analysis, and Experimental Validation of Frequency Dividers with Direct Injection

Figure 3

(a) Locally active two-terminal sub-circuit of the ILFD in Figure 1; (b) injection circuit of the ILFD in Figure 1. 𝑉₀ and 𝑉_DD−𝑉₀ are bias voltages.

(a)

(b)