Holistic Biquadratic IIR Filter Design for Communication Systems Using Differential Evolution

Table 5

Chip area in 𝜇m² for predefined coefficients (constant at synthesis time) with and without multi-objective optimisation for hardware efficiency (fixed-point). The mean is computed out of the best 25% solutions within the final population. Populations size is 100.

	Area predefined coeffs		Area predefined coeffs
Fractional bits (𝑛)	without hardware opt.		with hardware opt.		Area savings
	Mean best 25%	Best	Mean best 25%	Best
7	40048	37738	39009	33183	12%
8	45441	42977	44736	42688	1%
9	51879	49506	50513	47065	5%
10	58855	54360	55379	49585	9%
11	67323	62873	66895	61007	3%
12	74079	68240	73835	64848	5%
13	82066	77486	80760	75403	3%
15	99119	91118	98238	90403	1%
19	145077	136627	142296	135049	1%