Face Spoof Attack Recognition Using Discriminative Image Patches

Table 1

Summary of different face spoof detection techniques.

Method	Main features used	Pros and cons
Motion analysis based methods	Motion detection [10]; Eye-blink detection using conditional random fields (CRF) [7]; Face motion detection using Optical Flow Lines (OFL) [10]; Context-based using correlation between face motion and background motion [17]	(i) Good generalization capability; (ii) High computational cost; (iii) Easily circumvented by fake motions
Texture analysis based methods	Face texture using Lambertian model [8]; Face texture using LBPs [17]; Texture + shape combining LBPs + Gabor Wavelets + HOG [5]	(i) Fast response; (ii) Low computational cost; (iii) Poor generalization capability
Hardware-based methods	Multimodality: face and voice [20]; Thermal images [19]; Reflectance in 3D [21]	(i) Better generalization capability; (ii) Extra hardware requirement; (iii) High cost of the system