Changes in Regulating Ecosystem Services following Establishing Exclosures on Communal Grazing Lands in Ethiopia: A Synthesis

Table 6

Benefits, costs, and net present value of exclosure establishment and crop production over a period of 30 years.

Ecological benefits	Present value benefit (US$ ha^−1)	Present value cost (US$ ha^−1)	Net present value (US$ ha^−1)
	Exclosure establishment
Ecosystem carbon storage	992	0.0	992
Soil nutrients storage
(i) Total nitrogen	2173	0.0	2173
(ii) Available phosphorous	23	0.0	23
Subtotal	3188	0.0	3188
Grass production	255	372^a	−117
Grand total	3443	372	3071
Crop production
(i) Barley	2601	1386	1215
(ii) Wheat	3609	1376	2234
(iii) Teff	3504	1418	2086

aThis cost represents the payment for guards.