Research Article
Surface Water Quality Assessment of Wular Lake, A Ramsar Site in Kashmir Himalaya, Using Discriminant Analysis and WQI
Table 5
Drinking water standards, unit weights, average water quality, and water quality index of five study stations in Lake Wular.
| Chemical parameters | Standards | Recommending agency | Unit weight (wi) | Makhdoomyari | Vintage | Ashtang | Watlab | Ningle | Av Wq | | Av Wq | | Av Wq | | Av Wq | | Av Wq | |
| pH | 7.0–8.5 | ICMR | 0.037 | 7.84 | 4.19 | 7.76 | 3.80 | 7.80 | 3.97 | 7.75 | 3.73 | 7.77 | 3.87 | Electrical conductivity | 750 µS/cm | WHO | 0.000 | 252.9 | 0.01 | 254.2 | 0.01 | 255.4 | 0.01 | 282.3 | 0.01 | 248.5 | 0.01 | Chloride | 250 mg/L | ISI | 0.001 | 12.35 | 0.01 | 13.34 | 0.01 | 14.33 | 0.01 | 14.11 | 0.01 | 12.85 | 0.01 | Dissolved oxygen | 5.0 mg/L | WHO | 0.052 | 9.03 | 3.04 | 8.93 | 3.10 | 8.93 | 3.10 | 8.94 | 3.09 | 9.12 | 2.99 | Free CO2 | 22 mg/L | WHO | 0.012 | 9.89 | 0.54 | 10.02 | 0.54 | 10.00 | 0.54 | 10.04 | 0.54 | 10.43 | 0.57 | Total alkalinity | 120 mg/L | USPHS | 0.002 | 112.7 | 0.21 | 107.0 | 0.19 | 99.54 | 0.18 | 114.5 | 0.21 | 102.0 | 0.19 | Total hardness | 500 mg/L | WHO | 0.001 | 145.5 | 0.02 | 143.9 | 0.02 | 142.2 | 0.01 | 161.7 | 0.02 | 128.2 | 0.01 | Nitrate-N | 45 mg/L | WHO | 0.006 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.01 | 0.42 | 0.01 | Calcium | 75 mg/L | ICMR | 0.003 | 21.16 | 0.10 | 20.88 | 0.10 | 20.61 | 0.10 | 26.05 | 0.12 | 19.85 | 0.09 | Magnesium | 50 mg/L | ICMR | 0.009 | 13.50 | 0.39 | 13.66 | 0.24 | 13.23 | 0.23 | 14.09 | 0.25 | 11.47 | 0.20 | Sulfate | 200 mg/L | ICMR | 0.001 | 6.10 | 0.00 | 5.50 | 0.00 | 5.03 | 0.00 | 4.77 | 0.00 | 3.90 | 0.00 | Iron | 0.3 mg/L | ISI | 0.874 | 0.14 | 40.7 | 0.13 | 38.5 | 0.13 | 39.1 | 0.11 | 32.6 | 0.10 | 29.1 | Total dissolved solids | 500 mg/L | WHO | 0.001 | 154.1 | 0.02 | 146.9 | 0.02 | 133.3 | 0.01 | 106.8 | 0.01 | 77.08 | 0.01 |
| | 1.00 | | 49.2 | | 46.5 | | 47.3 | | 40.6 | | 37.1 |
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