Research Article
Alcohol Marketing, Drunkenness, and Problem Drinking among Zambian Youth: Findings from the 2004 Global School-Based Student Health Survey
Table 2
Bivariate associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol marketing, and alcohol education and problem drinking and drunkenness.
| | Current alcohol use | Problem drinking | Drunkenness | | Demographic characteristics | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) |
| | Sex | | | | | | | | Boys | 38.9 | 0.76 (0.59–0.98) | 40.8 | 0. 73 (0.52–1.02) | 38.2 | 0.70 (0.55–0.89) | | Girls | 45.5 | 1.00 | 48.8 | 1.00 | 46.8 | 1.00 | | Age | | | | | | | | ≤13 | 49.9 | 1.51 (0.86–2.65) | 48.3 | 1.45 (0.93–2.27) | 44.3 | 1.12 (0.72–1.73) | | 14 | 41.7 | 1.08 (0.75–1.58) | 53.1 | 1.76 (1.21–2.57) | 45.2 | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | | 15 | 37.8 | 0.92 (0.63–1.35) | 42.4 | 1.15 (0.87–1.52) | 38.7 | 0.89 (0.67–1.17) | | ≥16 | 39.7 | 1.00 | 39.1 | 1.00 | 41.6 | 1.00 | | Alcohol marketing | | | | | | | | Actors | 44.2 | 1.13 (0.85–1.51) | 47.2 | 1.13 (0.90–1.43) | 44.8 | 1.16 (0.89–1.52) | | Billboards | 34.5 | 0.65 (0.46–0.92) | 43.9 | 1.00 (0.76–1.31) | 36.3 | 0.74 (0.56–0.98) | | Provided free alcohol | 65.3 | 4.37 (3.21–5.95) | 58.9 | 2.51 (1.93–3.27) | 58.7 | 3.02 (2.34–3.90) | | Alcohol education | | | | | | | | Danger of alcohol | 35.2 | 0.68 (0.44–1.07) | 37.7 | 0.65 (0.50–0.83) | 34.9 | 0.64 (0.46–0.89) | | Refuse alcohol | 39.7 | 0.89 (0.65–1.22) | 44.1 | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 39.3 | 0.82 (0.63–1.07) |
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