Table 4: Multivariate logistic regression analyses of the associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol marketing and alcohol education and problem drinking.

Four models predicting problem drinking Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 AOR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI) Boys 0.75 (0.52–1.09) 0.76 (0.54–1.08) 0.77 (0.55–1.09) 0.78 (0.55–1.10) Girls 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Age ≤ 13 1.20 (0.77–1.88) 1.20 (0.75–1.92) 1.22 (0.76–1.96) 1.23 (0.78–1.97) Age 14 1.99 (1.31–3.03) 1.88 (1.23–2.88) 1.92 (1.26–2.93) 1.93 (1.26–2.97) Age 15 1.20 (0.87–1.66) 1.15 (0.78–1.68) 1.14 (0.77–1.67) 1.14 (0.78–1.67) Age ≥ 16 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Alcohol use past 30 days 12.35 (8.67–17.59) 5.16 (3.42–7.80) 4.87 (3.26–7.29) 4.90 (3.26–7.37) Bullying victimization — 2.10 (1.50–2.92) 2.04 (1.46–2.86) 2.02 (1.43–2.84) Sadness — 1.15 (0.94–1.40) 1.10 (0.90–1.35) 1.12 (0.92–1.35) No friends — 0.73 (0.47–1.15) 0.71 (0.46–1.11) 0.71 (0.46–1.11) Missed school — 2.26 (1.67–3.07) 2.20 (1.63–2.97) 2.19 (1.62–2.96) No parental monitoring — 1.06 (0.80–1.42) 1.05 (0.77–1.42) 1.04 (0.76–1.41) Drug use — 2.61 (1.89–3.60) 2.51 (1.82–3.47) 2.50 (1.80–3.45) Alcohol marketing  Actors — — 1.26 (0.91–1.75) 1.27 (0.92–1.75)  Billboards — — 1.18 (0.84–1.65) 1.17 (0.84–1.64)  Provided free alcohol — — 1.43 (1.07–1.90) 1.41 (1.06–1.87) Alcohol education  Danger of alcohol — — — 0.83 (0.63–1.10)  Refuse alcohol — — — 1.11 (0.83–1.49)

Each model included all listed variables. Reference categories for each variable are not shown but were those not exposed to or who did not report bullying victimization, sadness, having no friends, missed school, no parental monitoring, drug use, alcohol marketing or alcohol education.