Research Article
Built Environment and Its Influences on Walking among Older Women: Use of Standardized Geographic Units to Define Urban Forms
Table 3
Estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of variables with walking.
| Variable | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | -value |
| Built environment | | | <0.01 | Cluster 1: central city | Reference | | | Cluster 2: city periphery | 0.69 | (0.55, 0.85) | | Cluster 3: suburb | 0.69 | (0.50, 0.95) | | Cluster 4: urban fringe w/poor commercial area access | 0.40 | (0.18, 0.88) | | Cluster 5: urban fringe w/poor park area access | 0.98 | (0.52, 1.84) | | Cluster 6: satellite city | 0.53 | (0.16, 1.71) | | Percent live alone population in poverty, 1989 | 0.28 | (0.11, 0.70) | <0.01 | Age | 0.95 | (0.93, 0.96) | <0.01 | Education level | | | <0.01 | 12 years or less | Reference | | | More than 12 years | 1.32 | (1.08, 1.62) | | Self-rated health | | | <0.01 | Excellent/good | Reference | | | Fair/poor/very poor | 0.52 | (0.41, 0.67) | | Smoking | | | 0.04 | 0 pack-years | Reference | | | 1–40 pack-years | 0.88 | (0.70, 1.11) | | More than 40 pack-years | 0.66 | (0.48, 0.92) | | Exercise (kcal per week) | | | <0.01 | 2500 kcal or less | Reference | | | More than 2500 kcal | 2.49 | (1.84, 3.37) | | BMI | | | <0.01 | Underweight/normal (less than 25.0) | Reference | | | Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 0.83 | (0.66, 1.03) | | Obese (30.0 or above) | 0.59 | (0.46, 0.77) | | Stroke | | | 0.01 | No history of stroke | Reference | | | With history of stroke | 0.57 | (0.37, 0.88) | |
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