Research Article
Environmental Determinants of Bicycling Injuries in Alberta, Canada
Table 2
Bicycle crash location characteristics by case and control groups.
|
| MV controls
| (%) | MV cases
| (%) | Severe controls
| (%) | Severe cases
| (%) |
| | Traffic and land use characteristics | | | | | | | | | | Estimated avg. speed > 30 km/hr | 121 | (62.1) | 35 | (83.3) | 134 | (55.8) | 22 | (64.7) | | n/a | 8 | (4.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 38 | (15.8) | 7 | (20.6) | | Unknown | 25 | (12.8) | 1 | (2.4) | 25 | (10.4) | 1 | (2.9) | | Predominant feature | | | | | | | | | | Housing | 114 | (58.5) | 17 | (40.5) | 122 | (50.8) | 15 | (44.1) | | Retail | 7 | (3.6) | 10 | (23.8) | 12 | (5.0) | 5 | (14.7) | | Nature | 34 | (17.4) | 4 | (9.5) | 58 | (24.2) | 6 | (17.6) |
| | Path characteristics (side 1) | | | | | | | | | | Path type | | | | | | | | | | No path | 19 | (9.7) | 5 | (11.9) | 21 | (8.8) | 3 | (8.8) | | Sidewalk | 137 | (70.3) | 30 | (71.4) | 154 | (64.2) | 20 | (58.8) | | Shared with markings | 11 | (5.6) | 1 | (2.4) | 26 | (10.8) | 6 | (17.6) | | Shared no markings | 28 | (14.4) | 6 | (14.3) | 39 | (16.3) | 5 | (14.7) | | Path location | | | | | | | | | | Within 1 m of road | 114 | (58.5) | 30 | (71.4) | 128 | (53.3) | 16 | (47.1) | | Btw 1 and 3 m of road | 33 | (16.9) | 6 | (14.3) | 33 | (13.8) | 7 | (20.6) | | >3 m from road | 28 | (14.4) | 1 | (2.4) | 54 | (22.5) | 8 | (23.5) | | n/a | 19 | (9.7) | 5 | (11.9) | 21 | (8.8) | 3 | (8.8) | | Unknown | 1 | (0.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (1.7) | 0 | (0.0) | | Good condition | 111 | (56.9) | 20 | (47.6) | 135 | (56.3) | 15 | (44.1) | | n/a | 19 | (9.7) | 5 | (11.9) | 21 | (8.8) | 3 | (8.8) | | Any obstructions | 79 | (40.5) | 22 | (52.4) | 103 | (42.9) | 13 | (38.2) | | n/a | 19 | (9.7) | 5 | (11.9) | 21 | (8.8) | 3 | (8.8) |
| | Path characteristics (side 2) | | | | | | | | | | Path type | | | | | | | | | | No path | 62 | (31.8) | 8 | (19.0) | 68 | (28.3) | 7 | (20.6) | | Sidewalk | 110 | (56.4) | 26 | (61.9) | 128 | (53.3) | 14 | (41.2) | | Shared with markings | 4 | (2.1) | 1 | (2.4) | 13 | (5.4) | 4 | (11.8) | | Shared no markings | 16 | (8.2) | 6 | (14.3) | 24 | (10.0) | 4 | (11.8) | | n/a | 3 | (1.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 6 | (2.5) | 5 | (14.7) | | Unknown | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (2.4) | 1 | (0.4) | 0 | (0.0) | | Path location | | | | | | | | | | Within 1 m of road | 80 | (41.0) | 25 | (59.5) | 93 | (38.8) | 12 | (35.3) | | Btw 1 and 3 m of road | 32 | (16.4) | 8 | (19.0) | 36 | (15.0) | 4 | (11.8) | | >3 m from road | 17 | (8.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 32 | (13.3) | 6 | (17.6) | | n/a | 65 | (33.3) | 8 | (19.0) | 74 | (30.8) | 12 | (35.3) | | Unknown | 1 | (0.5) | 1 | (2.4) | 5 | (2.1) | 0 | (0.0) | | Good condition | 85 | (43.6) | 21 | (50.0) | 103 | (42.9) | 13 | (38.2) | | n/a | 65 | (33.3) | 8 | (19.0) | 74 | (30.8) | 12 | (35.3) | | Any obstructions | 48 | (24.6) | 19 | (45.2) | 64 | (26.7) | 9 | (26.5) | | n/a | 65 | (33.3) | 8 | (19.0) | 74 | (30.8) | 12 | (35.3) |
| | Roadway characteristics | | | | | | | | | | Marked bike lane | 8 | (4.1) | 4 | (9.5) | 11 | (4.6) | 1 | (2.9) | | n/a | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 30 | (12.5) | 7 | (20.6) | | Unknown | 3 | (1.5) | 1 | (2.4) | 3 | (1.3) | 1 | (2.9) | | Good road condition | 132 | (67.7) | 25 | (59.5) | 144 | (60.0) | 13 | (38.2) | | n/a | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 30 | (12.5) | 7 | (20.6) | | >4 lanes of traffic | 62 | (31.8) | 23 | (54.8) | 70 | (29.2) | 15 | (44.1) | | n/a | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 30 | (12.5) | 7 | (20.6) | | Unknown | 4 | (2.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (1.7) | 0 | (0.0) | | Mountable curb (side 1) | 115 | (59.0) | 22 | (52.4) | 123 | (51.3) | 14 | (41.2) | | n/a | 19 | (9.7) | 2 | (4.8) | 50 | (20.8) | 8 | (23.5) | | Unknown | 2 | (1.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (0.8) | 0 | (0.0) | | Traffic control devices | 130 | (66.7) | 18 | (42.9) | 133 | (55.4) | 15 | (44.1) | | n/a | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 30 | (12.5) | 7 | (20.6) | | Missing | 4 | (2.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (0.8) | 2 | (5.9) | | Intersections | 118 | (60.5) | 36 | (85.7) | 152 | (63.3) | 22 | (64.7) | | Unknown | 6 | (3.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 88 | (36.7) | 12 | (35.3) |
| | Safety characteristics | | | | | | | | | | Lights over path (side 1) | 114 | (58.5) | 27 | (64.3) | 129 | (53.8) | 15 | (44.1) | | n/a | 47 | (24.1) | 10 | (23.8) | 75 | (31.3) | 12 | (35.3) | | Unknown | 1 | (0.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (1.3) | 0 | (0.0) | | Lights over path (side 2) | 106 | (54.4) | 30 | (71.4) | 126 | (52.5) | 13 | (38.2) | | n/a | 46 | (23.6) | 5 | (11.9) | 68 | (28.3) | 12 | (35.3) | | Unknown | 1 | (0.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (1.7) | 0 | (0.0) | | Destinations | 92 | (47.2) | 30 | (71.4) | 116 | (48.3) | 17 | (50.0) | | Unknown | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (0.4) | 0 | (0.0) | | High surveillance | 101 | (51.8) | 19 | (45.2) | 116 | (48.3) | 10 | (29.4) | | n/a | 5 | (2.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 19 | (7.9) | 5 | (14.7) |
| | Aesthetic characteristics | | | | | | | | | | Natural features | 105 | (53.8) | 14 | (33.3) | 133 | (55.4) | 22 | (64.7) | | Attractive for cycling | 169 | (86.7) | 32 | (76.2) | 208 | (86.7) | 27 | (79.4) | | Difficult for cycling | 48 | (24.6) | 14 | (33.3) | 66 | (27.5) | 12 | (35.3) | | Continuity | 172 | (88.2) | 39 | (92.9) | 210 | (87.5) | 33 | (97.1) | | n/a | 1 | (0.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (0.4) | 0 | (0.0) | | Unknown | 7 | (3.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 7 | (2.9) | 0 | (0.0) |
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