History of Cesarean Section Associated with Childhood Onset of T1DM in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Table 2

Maternal and perinatal characteristics of the study population.

Variables	No. of cases (𝑁=266)		No. of controls (𝑁=798)		P value
	𝑛	%	𝑛	%
Gestational age (completed weeks)
Preterm	26	9.8	54	6.8
Term/postterm	240	90.2	743	93.2	0.073
Birth weight (grams)
<2,500	16	6.0	43	5.4
2,500–4,000	204	76.7	622	78.1
>4,000	46	17.3	131	16.5	0.873
Size-for-gestational-age
Small/appropriate	207	81.8	679	87.2
Large-for-gestational-age	46	18.2	100	12.8	0.024^*
Method of delivery
Vaginal spontaneous	147	55.3	519	65.0
Vaginal assisted	37	13.9	103	12.9
C-section	82	30.8	176	22.1	0.009^*
Mother’s age (years)
≤34	235	88.3	725	90.9
>34	31	11.7	73	9.1	0.142
Mother has T1DM
Yes	4	1.5	9	1.1
No	262	98.5	789	98.9	0.416
Mother has hypertension
Yes	18	6.8	56	7.0
No	248	93.2	742	93.0	0.508
Mother’s marital status
Married	181	68.0	499	62.5
Single, separated, widowed, divorced	85	32.0	299	37.5	0.060
Birth order (including current live birth)
1-2	234	88.0	653	48.4
3+	32	12.0	145	18.2	0.022^*
Education
Not graduated high school	39	15.1	138	17.7
Graduated high school	49	18.9	166	21.3
Education beyond high school	171	66.0	475	61.0	0.344

* P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.