Association between Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Syndrome in Police Officers: Results from Two Cross-Sectional Studies

Table 1

Demographic characteristics by location and gender.

Characteristic	Buffalo New York Police Officers (𝑁=410)				Spokane Heart Study Police Officers (𝑁=130)
	Men (𝑁=304)		Women (𝑁=106)		Men (𝑁=121)		Women (𝑁=9)
	𝑁	Mean (SD) or %	𝑁	Mean (SD) or %	𝑁	Mean (SD) or %	𝑁	Mean (SD) or %
Age	304	40.8 (7.7)	106	40.8 (5.9)	121	49.1 (6.1)	9	47.3 (2.7)
<40 years	131	43.1	43	40.6	10	8.3	0	0.0
40–49 years	128	42.1	54	50.9	51	42.2	7	77.8
50+ years	45	14.8	9	8.5	60	49.6	2	22.2
Ethnicity
White	237	79.8	76	71.7	121	100.0	8	88.9
African American	53	17.9	30	28.3	0	0.0	0	0.0
Hispanic	7	2.4	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	11.1
Education
<12 years, high school/GED	38	12.6	4	3.8	8	6.7	1	11.1
College <4 years	160	53.0	65	61.3	59	49.2	4	44.4
College 4+ years	104	34.4	37	34.9	53	44.2	4	44.4
Marital status
Single	29	9.6	23	21.7	0	0.0	3	33.3
Married	236	78.2	62	58.5	110	91.7	5	55.6
Divorced	37	12.3	21	19.8	10	8.3	1	11.1
Rank
Police officer	207	69.5	84	79.3	39	32.2	6	66.7
Sergeant/lieutenant/captain	51	17.1	11	10.4	47	38.8	1	11.1
Detective	34	11.4	9	8.5	28	23.1	2	22.2
Executive	5	1.7	1	0.9	7	5.8	0	0.0
Other	1	0.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Smoking status
Current	40	13.2	28	27.2	4	3.3	1	11.1
Former	64	21.2	31	30.1	40	33.1	2	22.2
Never	199	65.7	44	42.7	77	63.6	6	66.7
Body mass index, kg/m^2	304	30.3 (4.2)	106	26.0 (4.7)	124	29.8 (3.9)	9	28.9 (4.6)
<25	23	7.6	53	50.0	5	4.1	0	0.0
25–30	137	45.1	36	34.0	65	53.7	7	77.8
>30	144	47.4	17	16.0	51	42.2	2	22.2
CES-D score	304	7.5 (6.6)	106	8.7 (8.2)	122	6.6 (5.5)	9	5.8 (4.5)
Low score: 0–8	203	66.8	68	64.2	88	72.7	7	77.8
Middle score: 9–15	70	23.0	21	19.8	22	18.2	2	22.2
High score (depression): 16+	31	10.2	17	16.0	11	9.1	0	0.0