A Review of the Epidemiological Methods Used to Investigate the Health Impacts of Air Pollution around Major Industrial Areas

Table 5

Studies investigating birth outcome.

Reference	Country	Industries	Health outcome	Method	Exposure assessment
Bhopal et al., 1994 [12]	United Kingdom	Teeside	Sex ratio, birthweights, and stillbirths	Sex ratio	Perceived exposure areas (criteria not specified), modeled exposure (model not specified)
Bentov et al., 2006 [67]	Israel	17 chemical facilities	Major congenital malformations of the central nervous system	Standardized incidence ratio	Distance (exposed < 20 km), wind direction
Brender et al., 2006 [68]	United States	113 industries in the Texas National Priority Listing (NPL) sites	Oral clefts	Logistic regression	Distances (proximity ≤ 1 mile)
Brender et al., 2008 [70]	United States	113 industries in the Texas National Priority Listing (NPL) sites	Chromosomal anomalies	Case control (2099 cases, 4368 controls)	Distances (proximity ≤ 1 mile)
Yang et al., 2000 [28]	Taiwan	Kaohsiung oil refineries	Sex ratios	Standardized sex ratio	Distance (all municipalities in the area)
Yang et al., 2002 [71]	Taiwan	Kaohsiung oil refineries	Preterm delivery	Logistic regression model	Distance (at least 50% population or 50% area falling within a distance of 3 km from any one of the three complexes)
Yang et al., 2004 [65]	Taiwan	Kaohsiung oil refineries	Preterm delivery	Logistic regression model	Distance (at least 50% population or 50% area falling within a distance of 3 km from any one of the three complexes)