Research Article
Metals Exposures of Residents Living Near the Akaki River in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 1
Summary of investigated analytes—Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2011.
(a) Urine |
| Analyte | | LOD | % >LOD | Analytic technique |
| Antimony | 147 | 0.032 µg/L | 57% | ICP-DRC-MS | Arsenic | 136 | 1.25 µg/L | 97% | ICP-DRC-MS | Barium | 147 | 0.12 µg/L | 100% | ICP-DRC-MS | Beryllium | 147 | 0.072 µg/L | 2% | ICP-DRC-MS | Cadmium | 147 | 0.042 µg/L | 88% | ICP-DRC-MS | Cesium | 147 | 0.066 µg/L | 99% | ICP-DRC-MS | Chromium | 147 | 0.105 µg/L | 95% | SF-ICP-MS | Cobalt | 147 | 0.041 µg/L | 100% | ICP-DRC-MS | Iodine | 147 | 1.4 µg/L | 100% | ICP-DRC-MS | Lead | 147 | 0.10 µg/L | 99% | ICP-DRC-MS | Mercury | 141 | 0.05 µg/L | 80% | ICP-DRC-MS | Molybdenum | 147 | 0.92 µg/L | 100% | ICP-DRC-MS | Nickel | 147 | 0.337 µg/L | 100% | SF-ICP-MS | Platinum | 147 | 0.009 µg/L | 3% | ICP-DRC-MS | Thallium | 147 | 0.015 µg/L | 100% | ICP-DRC-MS | Tungsten | 147 | 0.021 µg/L | 95% | ICP-DRC-MS | Uranium | 147 | 0.0017 µg/L | 93% | ICP-DRC-MS |
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(b) Blood |
| Analyte | | LOD | % >LOD | Analytic technique |
| Cadmium | 132 | 0.16 µg/L | 88% | ICP-DRC-MS | Lead | 132 | 0.25 µg/L | 100% | ICP-DRC-MS | Manganese | 132 | 1.06 µg/L | 100% | ICP-DRC-MS | Mercury | 132 | 0.16 µg/L | 25% | ICP-DRC-MS | Selenium | 132 | 30 µg/L | 100% | ICP-DRC-MS |
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(c) Drinking water |
| Analyte | | LOD | % >LOD | Analytic technique | Comparison Value (CV) |
| Arsenic | 143 | 0.001 mg/L | 1% | ICP-MS | 0.01 mg/L | Cadmium | 143 | 0.0005 mg/L | 1% | ICP-MS | 0.003 mg/L | Chromium | 143 | 0.010 mg/L | 0% | ICP-AES | 0.05 mg/L | Cobalt | 143 | 0.010 mg/L | 0% | ICP-AES | N/A | Copper | 143 | 0.020 mg/L | 3% | ICP-AES | 2 mg/L | Lead | 143 | 0.001 mg/L | 18% | ICP-MS | 0.01 mg/L | Manganese | 143 | 0.010 mg/L | 27% | ICP-AES | N/A | Mercury | 143 | 0.0002 mg/L | 0% | CVAAS | 0.006 mg/L | Nitrates | 150 | 0.10 mg/L | 81% | FIA | 50 mg/L |
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LOD = limit of detection; ICP-DRC-MS = inductively coupled dynamic reaction cell plasma mass spectrometry; ICP-MS = inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; SF-ICP-MS = sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; ICP-AES = inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy; CVAAS = cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry; FIA = Flow Injection Analysis. Comparison values determined using the World Health Organization guideline values for water.
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