The LINA Study: Higher Sensitivity of Infant Compared to Maternal Eosinophil/Basophil Progenitors to Indoor Chemical Exposures
Table 1
Characteristics of the analysed subcohort and the remaining LINA cohort. (A) General characteristics assessed during the 36th week of pregnancy. (B) Indoor chemical exposures during the second year of life. (C) Infant’s respiratory outcomes during the second year of life.
Parameters
Analysed subcohort (%),
Remaining cohort (%),
value
(A) General characteristics
Month of birth
Nov–Feb
16 (23.5)
140 (29.3)
0.502
Mar-Apr, Sept-Oct
28 (41.2)
162 (33.9)
May–Aug
24 (35.3)
176 (36.8)
Gender of the child
Female
29 (42.6)
235 (49.2)
0.349
Male
39 (57.4)
243 (50.8)
Parental education
Low
0 (0)
6 (1.3)
0.294
Intermediate
19 (27.9)
101 (21.1)
High
49 (72.1)
371 (77.6)
Family history of atopy
Double positive
18 (26.5)
80 (16.7)
0.167
Single positive
26 (38.2)
234 (49.0)
Negative
24 (35.3)
164 (34.3)
Exposure to ETS in dwelling during pregnancy
Yes
11 (16.2)
59 (12.3)
0.430
No
57 (83.8)
419 (87.7)
Dampness in dwelling during the second year of life
Yes
6 (9.2)
46 (10.9)
0.700
No
59 (90.2)
377 (89.1)
(B) Indoor chemical exposure during the second year of life
Exposure to ETS in dwelling
Yes
7 (10.4)
27 (5.7)
0.222
No
60 (89.6)
445 (94.3)
Number of smoked cigarettes/day in dwelling
≥15
3 (4.5)
7 (1.5)
0.173
1–14
4 (6.0)
10 (2.2)
0
60 (89.5)
447 (96.3)
Usage of disinfectants
Yes
40 (61.5)
294 (65.0)
0.608
No
25 (38.5)
158 (35.0)
(C) Respiratory outcomes during second year of life
Wheezing ever
Positive
15 (22.7)
101 (21.8)
0.878
Negative
51 (77.3)
362 (78.2)
Recurrent wheezing
Positive
12 (19.0)
54 (12.5)
0.207
Negative
51 (81.0)
377 (87.5)
Wheezing requiring medical treatment
Positive
7 (10.3)
26 (5.7)
0.231
Negative
61 (89.7)
432 (94.3)
Bronchitis
Positive
18 (28.6)
125 (27.7)
0.887
Negative
45 (71.4)
326 (72.3)
Obstructive bronchitis
Positive
6 (9.4)
42 (9.6)
0.962
Negative
58 (90.6)
396 (90.4)
may be different from 68 due to missing data. may be different from 478 due to missing data. Calculated using the chi squared test for cross relationship. Low = 9 yrs of schooling or less “Hauptschulabschluss”; intermediate = 10 yrs of schooling “Mittlere Reife”; high = 12 yrs of schooling or more “(Fach-)hochschulreife.” Family history of atopy is defined as occurrence of asthma, atopic dermatitis, hay fever, or food allergy. Yes = (almost) daily, once a week or more, or occasionally; no = never. Calculated although numbers are <5 in some subgroups.
