Abstract

The object of the present paper is to investigate some properties of multivalent analytic functions associated with the lemniscate of Bernoulli.

1. Introduction

Let denote the class of functions of the formwhich are analytic in the open unit disk . A function is said to be starlike of order in if it satisfies

For functions and analytic in , we say that is subordinate to and write , if there exists an analytic function in such that Furthermore, if the function is univalent in , then

Let be the class of functions defined byThus a function if lies in the region bounded by the right-half of the lemniscate of Bernoulli given by . In terms of subordination, the class consists of normalized analytic functions satisfying . This class was introduced by Sokól and Stankiewicz [1]. Several geometric properties had been investigated by Sokól and Stankiewicz [1]. They determined the radius of convexity for functions in the class . They also obtained structural formula, as well as growth and distortion theorems for these functions. Estimates for the first few coefficients of functions in were obtained in [2]. Recently, Sokól [3] determined various radii for functions belonging to the class ; these include the radii of convexity, starlikeness, and strong starlikeness of order . The -radii for certain well-known classes of functions including the Janowski starlike functions were obtained in [4]. General radii problems were also recently considered in [5, 6] wherein certain radii results for the class were obtained as special cases.

Motivated essentially by the above and some recent works [7], the main object of the present paper is to investigate some properties of multivalent analytic functions associated with the lemniscate of Bernoulli.

2. Main Results

The following lemma will be required.

Lemma 1 (see [8]). Let be univalent in the unit disk and let and be analytic in a domain containing with when . Set , . Suppose that(1)either is convex or is a starlike univalent function in ,(2) for . If is analytic in , , and satisfies then , and is the best dominant.

Theorem 2. Let . If satisfiesthen .

Proof. Let . Then is analytic in with . Condition (7) becomes thatDefine the function by with . Since is the right-half of the lemniscate of Bernoulli, is a convex set and hence is a convex function. This shows that the function is starlike with respect to the origin. We now show that if the function satisfies the differential chainFor this purpose, let the functions and be defined by and . Clearly the functions and are analytic in and . Also let and be the functions defined byIt is obvious that is a starlike univalent function in andfor . By the lemma, it follows that . To complete the proof, it is left to show thatSince , it follows thatFor , , clearlyA simple calculation shows that the minimum of the above expression is attained at . Hence Thus or . This shows that and completes the proof.

Theorem 3. Let belong to the class and satisfyThenwhere , , and is the smallest root in of the equation The result is sharp.

Proof. From (16) we can writewhere is analytic and in . Differentiating both sides of (19) logarithmically, we arrive atPut and . Then (19) implies thatWith the help of the Carathéodory inequality it follows from (21) thatwhere , , andbecause of (21). Since is a dual function of , from (23), (24), and (25), we see thatNow let us calculate the minimum value of on the closed interval . From (26) we deduce thatwhere Note that . Suppose that . ThenHence, by virtue of the mathematical induction, we have for all and . This implies thatFurther it follows from (23), (26), and (30) thatwhere Note that and . If we let denote the root in of the equation , then (31) yields the desired result (17).
To see that the bound is the best possible, we consider the functionClearly the function defined by (33) satisfies condition (16). Also it is obvious that, for , which shows that the bound can not be increased. The proof of the theorem is completed.

Setting , Theorem 3 reduces to the following.

Corollary 4. Let belong to the class and satisfy condition (16). Then is starlike of order    in The result is sharp.

Competing Interests

The authors declare that there are no competing interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 11571299) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (no. BK20151304). The work is also supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Suqian College (no. 2015KY25).