Provenance analysis serves to reconstruct the predepositional history of a sediment/sedimentary rock. This paper focuses on the reconstruction of the provenance and tectonic settings of the Niger delta clastic facies using geochemical approach. The main types of geochemical tests include major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) tests. Twenty-one samples of shales and sandstones units were purposely collected from a depth between 1160 and 11,480&#x2009;m, grinded, pulverized, and sieved with a &#x3c;75&#x2009;<i>&#x3bc;</i>m. About 5&#x2009;g was packed and sent to Acme analytical Laboratory Ltd., Vancouver, Canada. The analyses were carried out by both induced coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and induced coupled plasma-emission spectrometry (ICP-ES). Bulk-rock geochemistry of major oxides, trace elements, and rare earth elements was utilized for the provenance and tectonic setting determination. Based on the discrimination diagram for major oxides, the probable provenance of the south eastern Delta clastic sediments was mainly of the active continental margins. The bivariate plots of La versus Th, La/Y versus Sc/Cr, and Ti/Zr versus La/Sc and the trivariate plots of La-Th-Sc, Th-Sc-Zr/10, and Th-Co-Zr/10 are all plotted on the fields of active continental margin sediments which is consistent with the known actively opening of a failed arm of triple junction. The trace elements and REE analysis indicates that they are virtually Fe-rich, lithic/quartz arkosic sandstones. The normalizing factors used for the REE are Wakita chondrite. Their rare earth elements (REE) pattern displays high light REE/heavy REE (LREE/HREE) ratio, flat HREE, and a significant negative Eu anomaly which correlate well with the UCC and PAAS average composition. The source area may have contained felsic igneous rocks.

S. O. Oni

A. S. Olatunji

O. A. Ehinola

Determination of Provenance and Tectonic Settings of Niger Delta Clastic Facies Using Well-Y, Onshore  Delta State, Nigeria

Reactions between bentonite/montmorillonite and portlandite have been studied in the context of the engineered barriers of a purpose built repository for the deep geological disposal of spent fuel and high-level radioactive wastes. Portlandite was selected as the representative material of cement leaching in the early alkaline stage expected in a repository when conventional Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is used. Eight different batch experiments were performed for a reaction time near to two months, including bentonite or montmorillonite at montmorillonite/portlandite molar ratios of 2&#x2009;:&#x2009;1 and 3&#x2009;:&#x2009;1 under hydrothermal conditions. Temperatures of reactions were maintained constant at either 60 or 120&#xb0;C. Calcium silicates hydrates with limited substitution of Al for Si (C-(A)-S-H phases with Al/Si &#x3c;0.3) were formed with different structures and compositions as a function of the reaction conditions. Orthorhombic 11&#x2009;&#xC5;-tobermorite-type phase was detected in experiments at 120&#xb0;C while a more disordered monoclinic tobermorite formed at 60&#xb0;C. These results are useful for the interpretation of experimental data in more complex experiments using concrete or cement pastes and bentonite, where C-(A)-S-H phases of variable compositions can precipitate, in addition to the characteristic cement hydrates and other secondary minerals carbonates.

Ra&#xfa;l Fern&#xe1;ndez

Lorena Gonz&#xe1;lez

Ana Isabel Ruiz

Jaime Cuevas

Nature of C-(A)-S-H Phases Formed in the Reaction Bentonite/Portlandite

The immobilization of lead, a major environmental contaminant, through phosphate amendments to form the sparingly soluble lead phosphate mineral chloropyromorphite [Pb<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] (CPY) is an effective <i>in situ</i> strategy for soil remediation. An important question is the effect of microbial processes on this remediation. Here, we investigate the role of the microbial siderophore ligand desferrioxamine-D<sub>1</sub> (DFO-D<sub>1</sub>) and its analog acetohydroxamic acid (aHA) in CPY lability using pH-dependent batch dissolution kinetics and model calculations. Both (0.01)&#x2009;M aHA and (0.00024)&#x2009;M DFO-D<sub>1</sub> are similarly effective and enhance lead release from CPY by more than two orders of magnitude at pH &#x3e; 6 compared to in the absence of ligands. This is consistent with model calculations of pH-dependent (aqueous) complexation of lead with hydroxamate ligands. More importantly, pH-dependent ligand sorption is predictive of its ligand promoted dissolution behavior. Our results suggest that organic ligands can significantly increase CPY lability at alkaline pHs in soils and sediments and that addition of P amendments to immobilize Pb as CPY may only be successful at acid pHs.

Nadia K. Adam

Lead Immobilization and Hydroxamate Ligand Promoted Chloropyromorphite Dissolution

Ilmenite from the Chhatrapur coast, Odisha, India, was studied using optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, and electron microprobe to decipher their micromorphology, texture(s), and elemental composition. The micromorphological features by electron microscope indicate that weathering processes such as mechanical and chemical, affected the placer heavy mineral ilmenite. These detrital ilmenites contain TiO<sub>2</sub> in the range of 50.25&#x25; to 55.41&#x25; and FeO 42.72&#x25; to 49.99&#x25; in addition to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, MnO, CaO, Na<sub>2</sub>O, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, NiO, ZnO, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, and HfO<sub>2</sub> (0 to 0.034&#x25;). Ti/(Ti + Fe) ratio in the ilmenite varied from 0.413 to 0.5, which indicates the effect of weathering/oxidation confirming microscopic observations. All the results revealed that these ilmenite grains were derived from the gneissic/granitic, basic and high grade metamorphic rocks, belonging to the Eastern Ghats Group of the Precambrian complex of coastal Orissa.

D. S. Rao

D. Sengupta

Electron Microscopic Studies of Ilmenite from the Chhatrapur Coast, Odisha, India, and Their Implications in Processing

The natures of competitive adsorption of six metal ions on the natural pyrite surface have been studied with an objective to provide strong foundations towards mode of association/occurrence of trace elements on pyritic surface. Some parameters, for instance, adsorption edge, mechanism, correlation coefficient, monolayer coverage, pH, and thermodynamic parameters, have been considered here. The significant results are the order of increasing trend of adsorption edges which has been found to be Pb<sup>2+</sup> &#x3C; Cu<sup>2+</sup> &#x3C; Ni<sup>2+</sup> &#x3C; Zn<sup>2+</sup> &#x3C; Co<sup>2+</sup> &#x3C; Ag<sup>+</sup>. Nonuniformity in variation of adsorption edge of a particular metal ion in presence of a second metal ion in solution is evident from the study. However, in case of Ag<sup>2+</sup> and Co<sup>2+</sup> ions two adsorption edges are observed. These variations have been explained based on the formation of hydroxo complexes which are pH dependent. The competitive monolayer coverage of each metal ion as a function of pH has shown variation in the extent of adsorption. Computed higher correlation coefficient in a binary system indicates retardation in adsorption of metal ion in presence of a second metal ion. Further the adsorption of metal ions on pyrite surface showed exothermic processes due to the spontaneous nature at low temperature. Our study has strongly revealed promising adsorbent characteristics of natural pyrite with considerable geochemical and environmental implications.

Mrinal K. Baruah

Probhat Kotoky

Gobin C. Borah

Geochemical Association of Ni<sup>
                   2+
                </sup>, Zn<sup>
                   2+
                </sup>, Pb<sup>
                   2+
                </sup>, Ag<sup>
                   +
                </sup>, Cu<sup>
                  2+
                </sup>, and Co<sup>
                   2+
                </sup> Ions in Natural Pyrite

The polymetal (Zn, Pb, Fe, Ca, Mg, Cd, Ba, Ni, Ti, and SiO<sub  >2</sub>) complex Umm-Gheig carbonate ore is subjected to sintering treatment at 573, 773, 973 and 1273&#x2009;K respectively for four hours. Chemical, spectral, X-ray and differential thermal analyses are applied for the native ore as well as for the samples preheated and sintered. The current versus applied DC voltage (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:7.5500002px;" id="M1" height="11.175" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 7.5500002 11.175" width="7.5500002"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path id="x1D43C" d="M414 650l-6 -28q-63 -4 -78.5 -17.5t-27.5 -71.5l-77 -416q-11 -58 0.5 -71.5t77.5 -17.5l-5 -28h-275l8 28q63 4 79.5 18.5t27.5 70.5l80 416q11 57 -2 71t-81 18l6 28h273z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>&#x2013;<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:12.7375px;" id="M2" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12.7375 11.375" width="12.7375"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x1D449" d="M730 650l-8 -28q-52 -4 -72 -18t-64 -77q-79 -113 -321 -539h-33l-119 541q-13 59 -29.5 73t-66.5 20l7 28h245l-8 -28l-28 -5q-33 -6 -40.5 -15.5t-0.5 -38.5l102 -450h2q191 320 246 430q21 42 15.5 56t-43.5 19l-31 4l7 28h240z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>) characteristics, bulk density <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.39064pt;width:32.200001px;" id="M3" height="16.4125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32.200001 16.4125" width="32.200001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"><path id="x28" d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,12.138)"><path id="x1D437" d="M780 372q0 -191 -178 -297q-128 -75 -335 -75h-250l7 27q61 7 77 22t28 76l77 398q11 62 0 76.5t-77 22.5l6 28h292q164 0 258.5 -67.5t94.5 -210.5zM678 375q0 119 -73 180.5t-201 61.5q-62 0 -82 -13q-17 -7 -25 -53l-80 -427q-8 -47 -4 -62t26 -20q24 -6 80 -6&#xA;q166 0 262.5 95t96.5 244z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,19.6,16.212)"><path id="x62" d="M152 404l81 35q23 10 41 10q81 0 139 -61.5t58 -149.5q0 -107 -74.5 -178.5t-176.5 -71.5q-71 0 -147 36v555q0 48 -9.5 59.5t-56.5 15.5v23q79 10 145 35v-308zM152 374v-258q0 -20 6 -35q7 -19 30 -37t58 -18q63 0 99.5 50t36.5 137q0 82 -43.5 131t-108.5 49&#xA;q-44 0 -78 -19z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,26.262,12.138)"><path id="x29" d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>, percent shrinkage (&#x25;<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.23206pt;width:8.2875004px;" id="M4" height="11.75" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 8.2875004 11.75" width="8.2875004"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.4)"><path id="x1D446" d="M457 488l-30 -3q-17 148 -131 148q-53 0 -84.5 -34.5t-31.5 -82.5q0 -42 25.5 -72t74.5 -62l33 -22q63 -42 95 -85t32 -102q0 -84 -67 -137t-163 -53q-58 0 -113 22t-70 43l-4 152l27 4q4 -32 15 -62.5t31 -59.5t53.5 -47t76.5 -18q56 0 92 35t36 96q0 39 -25 70t-78 68&#xA;l-31 22q-32 23 -53.5 41.5t-45 57t-23.5 77.5q0 82 58 132.5t156 50.5q46 0 101 -17l18.5 -6t17 -6t8.5 -3q-4 -55 0 -147z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>), activation energy <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.39064pt;width:28.475px;" id="M5" height="16.4125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 28.475 16.4125" width="28.475"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x28"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,12.138)"><path id="x1D438" d="M609 650l-19 -162l-30 -2q2 69 -14 94q-9 18 -28.5 26t-74.5 8h-88q-30 0 -37 -6.5t-12 -36.5l-41 -212h103q48 0 69 5.5t32 19t26 50.5h29l-40 -198h-30q2 58 -11.5 70.5t-85.5 12.5h-99l-30 -167q-17 -87 3 -101q18 -15 111 -15q59 0 89 7t54 27q8 7 15.5 16t16 21.5&#xA;l14 20.5t15 23.5t13.5 21.5l29 -10q-52 -129 -71 -163h-500l6 28q66 4 83 17.5t28 73.5l77 409q11 61 -0.5 75.5t-78.5 18.5l10 28h467z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.688,16.212)"><path id="x61" d="M433 39l-85 -51q-27 0 -47 20q-16 16 -24 44q-5 -3 -24 -16.5t-27 -18.5t-23 -13.5t-25 -12t-19 -3.5q-52 0 -86 36.5t-34 85.5q0 71 81 99q128 43 155 65v17q0 54 -23 83.5t-62 29.5q-28 0 -45 -19t-29 -66q-7 -23 -29 -23q-15 0 -29 13t-14 30t31 40q25 19 68.5 40.5&#xA;t81.5 29.5q49 0 82 -27q45 -39 45 -123v-185q0 -60 35 -60q18 0 36 11zM275 84v156q-12 -6 -49 -23t-41 -19q-31 -14 -46 -31t-15 -43q0 -35 22.5 -55.5t48.5 -20.5q19 0 42 10.5t38 25.5z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.538,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x29"/></g>

		
	
</svg> and energy gap <svg     style="vertical-align:-5.73161pt;width:28.825001px;" id="M6" height="19.3375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 28.825001 19.3375" width="28.825001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x28"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x1D438"/></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.688,16.212)"><path id="x67" d="M463 437l5 -8q-21 -38 -45 -51l-57 3q30 -35 30 -88q0 -76 -52.5 -118t-122.5 -42q-24 0 -51 5q-30 -21 -30 -42q0 -16 16 -27t47 -11q19 0 54 0.5t52 0.5q36 0 65.5 -8t53.5 -36t24 -74q0 -77 -75 -137.5t-174 -60.5q-79 0 -126 37.5t-48 84.5q0 32 24 56q21 21 83 70&#xA;q-49 15 -74 55q-13 20 -11 42q56 21 88 61q-37 16 -62.5 51t-25.5 83q0 78 56.5 122t122.5 44h1q51 0 96 -27q71 4 136 15zM219 418q-34 0 -58 -32t-24 -87q0 -59 26.5 -96.5t67.5 -37.5q35 1 59 32t24 87q0 59 -26 96.5t-69 37.5zM241 -11q-62 0 -87 -21q-46 -39 -46 -78&#xA;q0 -41 38 -68.5t94 -27.5q69 0 106.5 31t37.5 80q0 52 -45 71q-33 13 -98 13z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.875,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x29"/></g>

		
	
</svg> are established for the sintered ore. The electrical conductivity <svg     style="vertical-align:-2.3205pt;width:21.487499px;" id="M7" height="15.0875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 21.487499 15.0875" width="21.487499"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x28"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,12.138)"><path id="x1D70E" d="M548 455q-32 -77 -74 -77q-37 0 -103 10l-3 -2q36 -30 48.5 -62t12.5 -80q0 -103 -75 -179.5t-175 -76.5q-70 0 -113 45t-43 128q0 115 83.5 200.5t209.5 85.5q31 0 77.5 -4t67.5 -4q36 0 62 30zM350 274q0 54 -17 86q-19 35 -57 35q-50 0 -90 -37.5t-59 -91.5t-19 -109&#xA;q0 -61 24.5 -96.5t65.5 -35.5q51 0 87.5 46.5t50.5 100.5t14 102z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.548,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x29"/></g>

		
	
</svg>, thermal conductivity (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.3125px;" id="M8" height="11.175" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 13.3125 11.175" width="13.3125"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path id="x1D43E" d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378&#xA;q12 68 2 83t-72 22l6 28h257l-7 -28q-62 -7 -76 -21.5t-27 -83.5l-32 -172q29 11 78 46q112 84 217 179q18 16 23.5 25.5t-1 14.5t-26.5 8l-30 4l5 28h249z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>) and thermoelectric power coefficient <svg     style="vertical-align:-2.3205pt;width:21.5375px;" id="M9" height="15.0875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 21.5375 15.0875" width="21.5375"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x28"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,12.138)"><path id="x1D6FC" d="M545 106q-67 -118 -134 -118q-24 0 -40 37.5t-30 129.5h-2q-47 -72 -103 -119.5t-108 -47.5q-47 0 -76 45.5t-29 119.5q0 113 85 204t174 91q47 0 70 -33.5t43 -119.5h3q32 47 80 140l55 13l10 -9q-47 -80 -138 -201q17 -99 27.5 -136t22.5 -37q23 0 69 61zM333 204&#xA;q-14 98 -31 149.5t-50 51.5q-49 0 -94 -70t-45 -164q0 -55 15.5 -86t40.5 -31q70 0 164 150z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.599,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x29"/></g>

		
	
</svg> have been investigated as a function of applied temperature for the sintered ore materials. The electrical conduction is mainly achieved by free electrons near or in conduction band or n-type. As the sintering temperature <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.39064pt;width:28.200001px;" id="M10" height="16.4125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 28.200001 16.4125" width="28.200001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x28"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,12.138)"><path id="x1D447" d="M649 676l-22 -187l-33 -2q3 56 -12 94q-8 20 -31.5 26.5t-86.5 6.5h-74l-90 -491q-4 -23 -6 -36.5t1 -25t7 -16.5t18 -9t27 -5t41 -3l-6 -28h-286l4 28q68 5 84 18.5t28 76.5l94 491h-55q-74 0 -100.5 -6t-41.5 -23q-24 -29 -54 -98l-32 1q32 98 53 188h22q7 -18 15 -22&#xA;t37 -4h417q23 0 33.5 5t25.5 21h23z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.263,16.212)"><path id="x73" d="M319 325l-25 -7q-33 99 -103 99q-29 0 -47 -19.5t-18 -49.5t22 -49.5t62 -36.5q63 -26 95 -57t32 -79q0 -64 -50 -101t-115 -37q-35 0 -67.5 10.5t-46.5 23.5q-5 11 -11 51t-6 67l27 5q14 -53 46.5 -88.5t75.5 -35.5q29 0 50 19.5t21 50.5t-19.5 51.5t-59.5 39.5&#xA;q-28 12 -46 22.5t-38.5 27t-30.5 38.5t-10 49q0 54 42.5 92t109.5 38q48 0 88 -18q6 -15 13 -50.5t9 -55.5z" /></g>

			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.25,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x29"/></g>

		
	
</svg> increases the conduction of the ore is also increased due to the recombination process taking place between the electrons and holes. Electrons hopping between Fe<sup  >2+</sup> and Fe<sup  >3+</sup> are the main charge carriers. The formation of Fe<sub  >3</sub>O<sub  >4</sub> at high sintering temperature acts as an active mineralizer, thus inducing an increased degree of crystallinity and a more ordered crystal structure is produced.

Loutfy H. Madkour

Electro-Thermal and Semiconductivity Behaviour of Natural Sintered Complex Carbonate Ore for Thermo-Technological Applications

The aim of this study is to examine and interpret the spatial distribution of sedimentary humic substances in Lake Dalinouer. Humic substances in sediments were analyzed separately in different fractions: humins (HM), humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and different forms of organic carbon. The results showed that total organic carbon (TOC) contents varied from 7.25 to 65.54&#x2009;g&#x2009;kg<sup>&#x2212;1</sup> with a mean of 36.37&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;17.74&#x2009;g&#x2009;kg<sup>&#x2212;1</sup>. It was found that high TOC concentrations were at lake&#x2019;s center and low TOC concentrations occurred at the estuary of inflows. Different redox conditions caused by water depth were of the most important factors which might influence TOC contents. Concentrations of HM, HA, and FA in sediments were detected in range of 6.40&#x2013;58.16&#x2009;g&#x2009;kg<sup>&#x2212;1</sup>, 0.27&#x2013;3.50&#x2009;g&#x2009;kg<sup>&#x2212;1</sup>, and 0.27&#x2013;4.26&#x2009;g&#x2009;kg<sup>&#x2212;1</sup>, respectively. Of them, HM was the dominant form and accounted for 74&#x2013;94&#x25; of TOC and 80&#x2013;90&#x25; of humus. Organic Sediment Index (OSI) was used to assess the organics accumulation, and the value of OSI ranged from 0.001 to 0.30, which indicated that Lake Dalinouer was relatively clean. The relative high degree of humidification was found in the eastern of lake, where it should be taken into consideration seriously.

Dekun Hou

Jiang He

Changwei L&#xfc;

Wei Wang

Fujin Zhang

Spatial Distributions of Humic Substances and Evaluation of Sediment Organic Index on Lake Dalinouer, China

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Journal of Geochemistry