Blurring Borders: Innate Immunity with Adaptive Features

Kvell, K.; Cooper, EL.; Engelmann, P.; Bovari, J.; Nemeth, P.

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/83671

Journal of Immunology Research

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Review Article | Open Access

Volume 2007 | Article ID 083671 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/83671

Blurring Borders: Innate Immunity with Adaptive Features

K. Kvell,¹EL. Cooper,²P. Engelmann,¹J. Bovari,¹and P. Nemeth¹

Academic Editor: Yasunobu Yoshikai

Received26 Jun 2007

Accepted05 Nov 2007

Published04 Dec 2007

Abstract

Adaptive immunity has often been considered the penultimate of immune capacities. That system is now being deconstructed to encompass less stringent rules that govern its initiation, actual effector activity, and ambivalent results. Expanding the repertoire of innate immunity found in all invertebrates has greatly facilitated the relaxation of convictions concerning what actually constitutes innate and adaptive immunity. Two animal models, incidentally not on the line of chordate evolution (C. elegans and Drosophila), have contributed enormously to defining homology. The characteristics of specificity and memory and whether the antigen is pathogenic or nonpathogenic reveal considerable information on homology, thus deconstructing the more fundamentalist view. Senescence, cancer, and immunosuppression often associated with mammals that possess both innate and adaptive immunity also exist in invertebrates that only possess innate immunity. Strict definitions become blurred casting skepticism on the utility of creating rigid definitions of what innate and adaptive immunity are without considering overlaps.

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