Regulatory T Cells and Human Disease

Cools, Nathalie; Ponsaerts, Peter; Van Tendeloo, Viggo F. I.; Berneman, Zwi N.

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/89195

Journal of Immunology Research

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Review Article | Open Access

Volume 2007 | Article ID 089195 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/89195

Regulatory T Cells and Human Disease

Nathalie Cools,¹Peter Ponsaerts,^1,2Viggo F. I. Van Tendeloo,^1,2and Zwi N. Berneman^1,2

Academic Editor: Yang Liu

Received16 Jul 2007

Accepted08 Nov 2007

Published01 Jan 2008

Abstract

The main function of our immune system is to protect us from invading pathogens and microorganisms by destroying infected cells, while minimizing collateral damage to tissues. In order to maintain this balance between immunity and tolerance, current understanding of the immune system attributes a major role to regulatory T cells (Tregs) in controlling both immunity and tolerance. Various subsets of Tregs have been identified based on their expression of cell surface markers, production of cytokines, and mechanisms of action. In brief, naturally occurring thymic-derived CD4+CD25+ Tregs are characterized by constitutive expression of the transcription factor FOXP3, while antigen-induced or adaptive Tregs are mainly identified by expression of immunosuppressive cytokines (interleukin-10 (IL-10) and/or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)). While Tregs in normal conditions regulate ongoing immune responses and prevent autoimmunity, imbalanced function or number of these Tregs, either enhanced or decreased, might lead, respectively, to decreased immunity (e.g., with tumor development or infections) or autoimmunity (e.g., multiple sclerosis). This review will discuss recent research towards a better understanding of the biology of Tregs, their interaction with other immune effector cells, such as dendritic cells, and possible interventions in human disease.

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Copyright © 2007 Nathalie Cools et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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