Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer: How Is the Immune System Involved in Prognosis and Therapy: Potential for Treatment Utilization

Table 2

Selected clinical studies of cytokines for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Cytokine	Phase III studies
	Population	Treatment	Results
IFN-γ	First line (𝑛=148) [156]	Cisplatin/Cyclophosphamide versus; Cisplatin/Cyclophosphamide/IFNγ	3-year OS; 58% versus 74% (𝑃=.23); 3-year PFS; 38% versus 51% (𝑃=.031)
IFNa-2a	Maintenance after first-line (𝑛=300) [157]	IFNa-2a versus; Observation	No benefit
IFN-γ	First line (𝑛=847) [158]	Carboplatin/Paclitaxel versus; Carboplatin/Paclitaxel/IFN-γ	Median OS; Not estimated versus; 1138d; HR: 1.45, 𝑃=.001