Clinical Characteristics of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in North Indian Population of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving HAART
Table 3
(a) Method of “definitive*” TB diagnosis in HIV-TB group. *Mycobacterium tuberculosis demonstrated in smear and/or culture and/or TB—polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive in body fluids. PCR: polymerase chain reaction; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; LN: lymph node. †In 25 cases fine needle aspiration was done, 12 of these showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ‡One patient from this group developed paradoxical TB-IRIS. §One patient from this group developed paradoxical TB-IRIS. (b) Method of “probable*” TB diagnosis in HIV-TB group. *Specimens for smear or culture or PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis negative or could not be obtained. †High resolution or contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of chest showing—centrilobular nodules with tree-in-bud appearance, miliary nodules, thick walled cavities, enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes with central hypodensities and peripheral rim enhancement suggestive of necrosis; CECT of abdomen showing enlarged liver or spleen with multiple hypodensities suggestive of granulomas or abscesses, matted bowel loops, thickening of terminal ileum and caecum, enlarged necrotic mesenteric or retroperitoneal lymph nodes; CECT and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain showing basal meningitis and/or multiple ring enhancing lesion suggestive of tuberculomas; MRI of spine showing loss of intervertebral space with destruction of vertebral bodies with or without paravertebral abscesses. ‡Elevated protein, predominantly lymphocytes and high adenosine deaminase level. §FNAC or biopsy showing granulomas with caseation necrosis. ¶,∥,**One patient each from these groups developed paradoxical TB-IRIS.
